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StampAct - LexConcrd
US History from Stamp Act through Lexington & Concord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the King of England during this time (Stamp Act - Lexington/Concord)? | King George III |
| What was the name of George Washington’s wife? | Martha Dandridge Custis |
| What was the name of George Washington’s estate? | Mount Vernon |
| What is the House of Burgesses? | The law making body of the colony of Virginia |
| Caesar had his _____ | Brutus |
| Charles the first had his ______ | Cromwell |
| George The Third _____ | May profit their example |
| Who gave a famous speech at the Virginia House of Burgesses against the Stamp Act? | Patrick Henry |
| The Stamp act was_____ | A tax on all printed legal documents, diplomas, licenses, newspapers and other documents. |
| What year did Parliament pass the Stamp Act? | 1765 |
| Why did the British put put the Stamp Act tax on the colonists? | To pay for the French and Indian War |
| Why were the colonists so upset by the Stamp Act tax? | It was taxation without representation, the first tax directly paid to British Parliament instead of local government. Colonists had no one to represent them in Parliament. |
| Who were the Sons of Liberty? | Colonial revolutionaries, who used pamphlets and even false stories to rise up against the British |
| Where did Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty often meet in Boston to stir up the people? | The Liberty Tree |
| What was the Stamp Act Congress? | A meeting of 9 colonies in New York City, in October 1765, to protest the Stamp Act. |
| When did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act? | March 1766 |
| What is the Declaratory act? | It said that parliament has absolute control over when and how it taxed the colonies. |
| Who are radicals? | People with revolutionary ideas about how governments should be run and how people should live in society |
| Who was Charles Townshend? | He was Chancellor of the Exchequer in the British Parliament, starting August 1766, which meant he had power to tax. |
| What were the Townshend acts? | It placed a tax on tea from the British East India company and other goods from England. |
| When were the Townshend Acts started? | June 1767 |
| Why did Charles Townshend want to start the Townshend Acts? | He wanted to punish the colonists for their rebellion against the Stamp Act. |
| Who was Lord Hillsborough? | British Secretary for the Colonies |
| What did Lord Hillsborough do when the Massachusetts Assembly wouldn't take back its protest of the Townshend Acts? | He disbanded the Massachusetts Assembly. |
| In 1770, the new prime minister of England repealed all but one of the Townshend Acts. Which one? | He kept the tax on British East India Tea. |
| Why did the new prime minister of England keep this one remaining tax of the Townshend Acts in 1770? | To show the American colonists that Parliament still claimed the right to tax them without their consent. |
| The Townshend tax on tea made it expensive for colonists. What else increased the cost of tea to colonists until May 1773? | Until May 1773, the British East India Company was allowed only to sell to British merchants, who then sold tea to colonists. This extra step cost more money. |
| Since tea was so expensive from British merchants, with the Townshend tax, what did many colonists do? | Many Americans dreank smuggled tea, which they could get for less money. |
| What is the Boston Massacre? | The name given by Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty to the incident When British soldiers fired upone a violent mob and killed three colonists. |
| When did the Boston Massacre take place? | March 5, 1770 |
| Who made a famous engraving about the Boston Massacre, that stirred up colonists against the British, even though the engraving was not accurate? | Paul Revere |
| Who spread pamphlets about the Boston Massacre, stirring up colonists against the British? | Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty |
| Who defended the British troops in their trial about the Boston Massacre? | John Adams |
| Were the British troops found guilty of the charges in the trial of the Boston Massacre? | No, they were acquitted. |
| What is a "lobsterback"? | A colonial nickname for a British soldier, because of the red color of their coats. |
| How were Sam Adams and John Adams related? | They were cousins. |
| How did Parliament change the tea laws in May 1773? | Parliament allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies, but only to merchants with no ties to the Sons of Liberty. |
| Why did some colonists protest the new tea laws of May 1773? | Since Parliament would allow only certain merchants to sell East India tea, they were playing favorites and this was unjust. |
| What did Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty demand the Massachusetts Governor do, before starting the Boston Tea Party? | They demanded he force the tea ships to leave Boston Harbor. |
| Did the Massachusetts Governor agree to the demands of the Sons of Liberty on December 16, 1773? | No, he did not force the tea ships to leave Boston Harbor. |
| What was the Boston Tea Party? | A protest during which about 150 Sons of Liberty rowed out to the British East India tea ships in Boston Harbor, and dumped 343 boxes of tea into the salty harbor water. |
| When did the Boston Tea Party take place? | December 16, 1773 |
| How were the Sons of Liberty disguised during the Boston Tea Party? | They disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians and as black slaves. |
| How did British Parliament react to the Boston Tea Party? | Parliament passed the Boston Port Act and the Massachusetts Government Act in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party. |
| What was the Boston Port Act? | An Act of British Parliament that ordered the closing of Boston Harbor until all tea spilled in the Boston Tea Party was paid for. |
| How would the closing of the Boston Harbor by the Boston Port Act hurt colonists? | With no ships allowed in or out of port, merchants could not bring any goods into the city and fishermen could not earn a living. |
| How did the British make sure the port stayed closed and no smuggling went on during the Boston Port Act? | The British Navy would blockade the port while British soldiers occupied the city. |
| Who would have to house and feed all the British soldiers that were sent to enforce the Boston Port Act? | The colonists would have to "quarter" the soldiers. |
| What was the Massachusetts Government Act? | An act of British Parliament that stated certain government offices, which the local inhabitants had alsways voted for, would no longer be elected. They would be appointed by the Royal Governor. |
| Did the Massachusetts Goverment Act only affect the people of Boston, or everyone in the colony of Massachusetts? | The Massachusetts Goverment Act applied to the whole colony, not just Boston. |
| What did the people of Massachusetts countryside do instead of allowing new royal officials to take offices of the Goverment Act? | They threatened royal officials sent to them and wouldn't allow courts to open. They set up their own illegal goverment, with John Hancock as president, and started training a militia. |
| How did the citizens of Boston react to the Boston Port Act and Massachusetts Goverment Act? | Bostonians started a "Solemn League and Covenant", vowing not to export goods to, or import goods from, Great Britain. They asked the other colonies to join. |
| Who was the British General sent to enforce the actions against Boston and was appointed the new Governor of Massachusetts? | General Thomas Gage |
| How did the Royal Governor of Virginia react when the Virgina House of Burgesses decided to support Massachussetts in May 1774? | The Royal Governor of Virginia dissolved the House of Burgesses because of their support of Massachusetts. |
| What did members of the Virginia Legislature do after the House of Burgesses was dissolved? | They met at a nearby tavern and decided to join the Solemn League and Covenant anyway, and asked all colonies to meet at the "First Continental Congress" in Philidelphia in September 1774. |
| Who were the Minutemen, and why were they given this name? | The Massachusetts militia, started after the Boston Port Act and Mass. Goverment Act, was given this name because they weren't soldiers all the time, but were ready to fight at a minute's notice. |
| When and where was the First Continental Congress? | Philadelphia, September 5, 1774. |
| What is a loyalist? | A colonist who wanted to remain a British subject. |
| What was a nickname for Loyalists? | Tories |
| What did those who supported American independence call themselves? | Patriots |
| What did the First Continental Congress challenge British Parliament to do? | Repeal the Boston Port Act and the Massachusetts Government Act. |
| What did the First Continental Congress threaten to do if Parliament did not meet demands? | The colonies would begin to block all imported goods coming from Great Britain as well as exports going out. |
| What was the "Declaration and Resolves"? | A statement by the First Continental Congress, saying the colonists had rights from the laws of nature and from the British Constitution that no goverment could take away. |
| How did the British Parliament respond to the First Continental Congress? | Parliament passed even harsher laws, saying New England colonies could only trade with England and Ireland but no other countries, and laws against New England fishermen. |
| About how many soldiers did General Gage have in Boston? | About 3500. |
| Why did General Gage send soldiers to Concord? | Many Massachusetts militia rebels were there, and they stored guns there, and the loyalists in the colonies were getting impatient for Gage to do something against the radical patriots in the countryside. |
| Did the colonists find out about General Gage's plan to send troops to Concord? | Yes they found out through their spies. |
| How did the patriots warn the countryside that the British were beginning to move? | They sent out couriers to warn the countryside. |
| Who was one of the famous couriers who warned the countryside that the British were beginning to move on Concord? | Paul Revere |
| What did Paul Revere say on his famous midnight ride to Lexington? | "The British are Coming! The British are Coming!" |
| What does "one if by land, two if by sea" mean? | The patriots would hang one lantern in the tower of Boston's Old North church as a signal if the British were marching by land. Two lanterns would be hung if the British were coming across the bay. |
| Who led the first contingent of British soldiers at Lexington, on the way to Concord? | Major John Pitcairn |
| What did Pitcairn's troops find waiting for them at Lexington, blocking the road to Concord? | A band of armed rebels. |
| What happened when Pitcairn's troops encountered the band of armed rebels at Lexington on the road to Concord? | Shots were exchanged, wounding a Redcoat, hitting Pitcairn's horse, killing 10 rebles and wounding 9 more rebels. |
| What happened when news spread of the slaughter at Lexington? | The people were enraged against the British. |
| When they finally marched into Concord, 4 miles from Lexington, what did the Redcouats encounter? | Two batallions of armed Minutemen. |
| What did the Minutemen do initially when the Redcoats came to Concord? | Slowly retreated, crossing the Corcord River by the North Bridge, settling into position on a ridge northwest of town. |
| How did the British respond to the Minutemen's retreat across the Concord River? | the British followed the militia over the bridge and halted before the ridge. |
| Why did the British retreat after the standoff with the Minutemen at the Concord River? | The British commander felt trapped, with only a small bridge behind him as the militia started advancing on him. |
| What happened after the British began retreating at the Concord River? | The Minutemen opened fire, killing 7 British and wounding 5 others. Then, the rebels followed the British retreat all the way back to Boston with sneak attacks from the woods. |
| By the time the British fully retreated back to Boston from Lexington & Concord, what were the casualties on both sides? | British: 73 killed, 200 wounded. Americans: 49 killed, 41 wounded. |
Created by:
mpanczyk
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