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HNRS WWI TEST 2022
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian U.S. HIST "WWI" Test Flashcards #1 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which countries belong to the Triple Alliance? | These countries were: Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary. (Pg. 320) |
| Which countries belonged to the Triple Entente? | These countries were: Russia, France, & Great Britain. (Pg. 321) |
| What does the term "propaganda" mean? | This term means "information designed to influence opinion." (Pg. 324) |
| What was the Sussex Pledge? | This was Germany's agreement not to use their submarines to sink merchant ships without warning them first. (Pg. 327) |
| What was the purpose of the War Industries Board (WIB)? | The purpose of this group was to "coordinate the production of war materials". (Pg. 328) |
| What were Victory Gardens? | These were small gardens that people grew at home to help them preserve food during World War I. (Pg. 328) |
| What was the National War Labor Board? | This group's purpose was to prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort during World War I. (Pg. 329) |
| What was the Great Migration? | This was the name given to the massive migration of African Americans from Southern states to Northern states. They migrated so that they could work in factories such as Henry Ford's new automobile factories. (Pg. 330) |
| What does the term "espionage" mean? | This term means "spying to acquire government information". (Pg. 330) |
| Explain how the Western Front was created. | The Western Front was created when both sides (the Triple Alliance & the Triple Entente) tried to move in front of each other and trap them. This didn't work, so both armies dug trenches as they made their was to the port city of Neuwport. |
| Why was it a bad thing that both sides dug trenches during WW I? | This was bad because trenches are used for defensive purposes, not offensive. So, the armies could not leave the trenches & attack their enemies and try to win the war. |
| What does the term "no-man's-land" refer to? | This term refers to the area between the opposing trenches along the Western Front. There was no cover between the trenches, so "no man" dared to venture out of the trenches into this area for fear of death. |
| List three (3) weapons/ technologies that were developed to try to force enemy soldiers to leave the safety of their trenches during WW I. | 1.) The development of poison gas such as Tear Gas; 2.) The development of highly accurate artillery shells; 3.) The invention of tanks. |
| What does the term "convoys" mean and why were these used? | This term relates to the way that ships stayed together in tight groups. This was used for safety during WW I because German submarines had been sinking merchant ships. (Pg. 339) |
| Why did many Americans feel that entering WWI by sending our soldiers to fight was the "right thing to do"? | Many Americans felt this way because the French had helped us win our independence during the Revolutionary War, so they felt it was "right" to send troops to help France during WWI. (Pg. 339) |
| What does the term "armistice" mean? | This term means "a truce, or an agreement to stop fighting". (Pg. 341) |
| What was the name of the treaty that ended WWI? | This treaty was called the Treaty of Versailles. (Pg. 342) |
| What does the term "national self - determination" mean? | This term means "the idea that the borders of countries should be based on ethnicity and national identity". (Pg. 342) |
| What does the term "reparations" mean/ refer to? | This term means "monetary compensation for all of the war damage it had caused". (Pg. 344) |
| What does the term "cost of living" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the cost of food, clothing, shelter, and other essentials that people need to survive". (Pg. 348) |
| List three (3) problems that soldiers faced while living in - and fighting from - trenches in World War I. | 1.) Constant exposure to rain & other weather elements; 2.) Infestations of lice; 3.) Exposure to disease carrying animals such as rats. ("World War I in Color" video.) |
| Why did Russia end up leaving World War I in the late 1910’s? | This country left because Vladimir Lenin & the Bolshevik Party began the Russian Revolution. Lenin withdrew from WWI to concentrate on reforming Russia's government. |
| Which country was not invited to the WWI peace negotiations? Why weren't they invited? | Russia was the country that was not invited to these negotiations. They were not invited because the other countries - especially the U.S. - did not approve of the Revolutionary (i.e. Communist) government. |
| List two (2) technological innovations created specifically to break through enemy trench lines? | Two (2) innovations created to counter this were (1) Tanks and (2) Chemical Weapons. |
| What is significant about the Battle of the Argonne Forest? | This battle is significant because the Triple Entente forces were finally able to break through German trench lines after 5 years of trying! (txtbook. pg. 341) |
| List the names of two (2) of the "Big Four" who participated in negotiations during the World War I peace conference. | 1.) President Wilson of the U.S.; 2.) British Prime Minister David Lloyd George; 3.) French Premier Georges Clemenceau; 4.) Italian Prime Minister Vittoria Orlando. (txtbook.; Pg 342) |
| What does the term “League of Nations” refer to? | This term refers to "a general association of nations that would help preserve peace by pledging to respect & protect each other's territory & independence". (Pg. 343) |
| List one (1) thing that is significant about the Battle of Jutland. | One (1) thing that is significant about this battle is that it was the only Navy battle that took place during World War I. |
| What was the goal and the result of the Battle of Jutland? | Goal - Germany wanted to gain control of shipping lanes around the United Kingdom; Result - Germany's navy was defeated by the British navy & the British navy kept control of shipping lanes throughout World War I. |
| When did the First Battle of the Marne take place? | This battle took place in September, 1914. |
| What was the goal and the result of the First Battle of the Marne? | Goal - Germany wanted to capture France very early in World War I; Result - The German attack failed & they were forced to retreat and dig defensive trenches. |
| When did the Gallipoli Campaign take place? | This series of battles took place from April, 1915 to January, 1916. |
| What was the goal and the result of the Gallipoli Campaign? | Goal - Australian and New Zealand forces wanted to capture Constantinople; Result - Ottoman Turk forces defeated the Australian & New Zealand armies, who were forced to evacuate the Gallipoli Peninsula. |
| When did the Battle of Verdun take place? | This battle took place from February to December, 1916. |
| What was the goal and result of the Battle of Verdun? | Goal - Germany made a 2nd attempt to capture the city of Verdun; Result - Germany succeeded and captured this French city. |
| When did the Brusilov Offensive take place? | This series of battles took place from June to September, 1916. |
| What was the goal and the result of the Brusilov Offensive? | Goal - Relieve pressure on French troops at Verdun and on the Western Front in general; Result - It worked! Germany transferred soldiers from the Western Front to the Eastern Front, which accomplished the Triple Entente's goals! |
| What does the term "salient" mean/ refer to where warfare is concerned? | This term refers to a bulge in an army's front lines that extends into enemy territory, making it very vulnerable to attack. |
| When did the 3rd Battle of Ypres take place? | This battle took place from July to November 1917. |
| What was the goal and result of the 3rd Battle of Ypres? | Goal - British forces tried to capture an important railroad junction east of Ypres, then they would attack the German submarine base at Bruges, Belgium; Result - The British attack failed and the assault was called off. |
| When did the German Spring Offensives occur? | These took place from March to July, 1918. |
| What was the goal and the result of the German Spring Offensives? | Goal - Germany wanted to break through British front lines "once and for all"; Result - The German assault worked, but led to a VERY high number of casualties. |
| When did the Battle of Amiens take place? | This battle took place from August 8th - 11th, 1918. |
| What was the goal and the result of the Battle of Amiens? | Goal - Triple Entente forces wanted to recapture the territory they had lost during the German Spring Offensives; Result - The attack worked and British forces pushed the German Army back until World War I ended. |
| When did the Battle of Megiddo take place? | This battle took place from September 19th - 25th, 1918. |
| What was the goal and the result of the Battle of Megiddo? | Goal - To encircle Ottoman Turk forces that were regrouping near this city and cut off their escape route; Result - It worked! British forces easily 30km of Turkish territory, causing members of their 7th & 8th Army to surrender by the thousands! |
| List three (3) things that soldiers from the Triple Entente soldiers who were stationed at Verdun in 1914 did during their free time. | 1.) Played cards; 2.) Played "football" (i.e. soccer); 3.) Held athletic competitions. |
| What was the "Treaty of London"? | This was a secret treaty between Italy and the Triple Entente countries. It promised that Italy would receive land grants in exchange for fighting with them instead of the Triple Alliance. |
| What was the "spark" that started World War I? | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife was the "spark" that led to this. |
| Who was the leader of the German Empire when World War I began? | Kaiser Wilhelm II was this country's leader when World War I began. |
| What led the German people to begin to approve of plans to go to war in the late 1800's and early 1900's? | Kaiser Wilhelm II's "militarist, imperialist, & nationalist policies" led to this. |
| What led France and Great Britain to sign the "Entente Cordiale" in 1904? | The fact that both countries had begun to fear Germany's navy led to this. |
| What caused Russia to join the "Entente Cordiale" in 1907? | The fact that Russia had begun to fear the German Army led to this. |
| Why did Germany encourage Austria-Hungary to declare war against Bosnia-Herzegovina after Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated? | Germany encouraged this because then they would be able to join the war on Austria-Hungary's side with the possibility of expanding their own empire. |
| What was the purpose of President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" speech? | His purpose for this was to outline a plan that - he believed - would help prevent another world war from breaking out. |
| What did President Wilson believe was the most important of his "Fourteen Points"? | President Wilson believed that the last point - that an organization should be formed to help guarantee all country's political independence and territorial integrity protected - was most important. |
| What does the term "price ceiling" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "A cap on the amount that a producer can charge for a good or a service". |
| What does the term "general strike" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a strike that involves all workers in a community, not just workers from a particular industry". |
| What was the result of the "Seattle General Strike"? | The result of this was that no gains were made - the strike did not achieve any of its goals. |
| What was the result of the "Boston Police Strike"? | The result of this was that the police commissioner fired all of the striking police officers when the tried to return to work and hired a new police force. |
| What was the result of the "Steel Strike" of 1919? | The overall result of this was that the union cause was set back in the steel industry and were not able to organize its workers until 1941. |
| What does the term "Red Summer" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the summer of 1919 in which racial violence broke out in several major cities across the U.S. including Chicago, Illinois. |
| What was one (1)result of the "Red Summer" in terms of opposition to racial injustice? | The NAACP launched a campaign for a federal law against lynching. |
| What does the term "Communist International" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "an organization for coordinating Communist parties in other countries". |
| What does the term "Red Scare" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "nationwide panic over the perceived threat that Communists would seize power in the U.S.". This began in 1919. |
| Who was Eugene Debs? | He was the leader of the American Socialist Party in the early 1900's. |
| Who was J. Edgar Hoover? | He was put in charge of the General Intelligence Division by A. Mitchell Palmer in 1919. |
| Who were the presidential candidates in the 1920 election? | The candidates were James Cox (Democrat) and Warren G. Harding (Republican). |
| Who won the election of 1920? | Warren G. Harding did this. |
| Which city had the worst racial violence during the "Red Summer"? | The city of Chicago, Illinois experienced this. |
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sticklerpjpII
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