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MCAT Pysch/Social
Class 3: Personality, Motivation, and Psychological Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | It encompasses our thoughts, feelings, and ways of thinking about things, beliefs, and behaviors. It is a core component of who we consider ourselves to be. |
| 6 Perspectives Use to Help Explain Personality | Psychoanalytic, Humanist, Behaviorist, Social Cognitive, Trait, and Biological |
| Psychoanalytic Perspective | Developed by Sigmund Freud; Asserts that personality is shaped largely by the unconscious. Mental illness or neurosis is the result of unconscious conflicts, many of which stem from childhood. |
| Libido | Life Instinct; Drives behaviors focused on pleasure, survival, and avoidance of pain. |
| Death Instinct | Drives dangerous of destructive behaviors and underlies the desire to hunt oneself or others. |
| ID | Largely unconscious and responsible for our desire to avoid pain and seek pleasure. |
| EGO | Responsible for our logical thinking and planning as we deal with reality. |
| SUPEREGO | Responsible for our moral judgments of right and wrong and strives for perfection. |
| Freud's 5 Stages of Psychosocial Development | Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital |
| Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development | Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs. Despair |
| Humanist Perspective | Asserts that humans are driven by an actualizing tendency to realize their own highest potential and personality conflicts arise when this is somehow thwarted. |
| Behaviorist Perspective | A result of learned behavior patterns based on our environment. |
| B.F. Skinner | Founding Father of Behaviorism |
| Social Cognitive Perspective | A result of reciprocal interactions among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. |
| Motivation | The driving force that causes us to act or behave in certain ways. |
| Factors that Influence Motivation | Instincts, Drives, Needs, and Arousal |
| Instincts | Behaviors that are unlearned and present in fixed patterns throughout a species. |
| Drives | Urges originating from a physiological discomfort. |
| Needs | Includes basic biological needs; also includes higher-level needs. |
| Arousal | Even when a person's needs are met, restlessness, boredom, or curiosity may drive behavior. |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | Suggests that physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to address that need by engaging in some behavior that will reduce the arousal. |
| Abraham Maslow | Sought to explain human behavior as motivated by a hierarchy of needs. |
| Psychological Disorders | A set of behavioral and/or psychological symptoms that are not in keeping w/ cultural norms and that are severe enough to cause significant personal distress and/or significant impairment to social, occupational, or personal functioning. |
| Neuro-Developmental Disorders: Characteristics | Manifests early in development (early onset); Before grade school; Appear as deficits |
| Neuro-Developmental Disorders: Specific Disorders | Intellectual Disability; Communication Disorders; Autism-Spectrum Disorder; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| Psychotic Disorders: Characteristics | Involve delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized speech; May involve "negative" symptoms |
| Psychotic Disorders: Specific Disorders | Delusional Disorder; Brief Psychotic Disorder; Schizophreniform Disorder; Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder |
| Bipolar Disorders: Characteristics | "Bridge" between Psychotic and Depressive Disorders; Involve episodes and oscillations (cycles) |
| Bipolar Disorders: Specific Disorders | Bipolar I (Manic-Depressive); Bipolar II; Cyclothymic Disorder |
| Depressive Disorders: Characteristics | Sad, Empty, and/or Irritable Mood; Not related to normal grief |
| Depressive Disorders: Specific Disorders | Major Depressive Disorder; Persistent Depressive Disorder; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
| Anxiety Disorders: Characteristics | Excessive fear or anxiety; Avoidance behaviors; Panic attacks |
| Anxiety Disorders: Specific Disorders | Phobias, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Characteristics | Obsessions and/or Compulsions |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Specific Disorders | Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Hoarding Disorder, Trichotillomania |
| Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders: Characteristics | Exposure to traumatic or stressful event; Exhibit any of a wide range of symptoms |
| Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders: Specific Disorders | Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Acute Stress Disorder; Adjustments Disorders |
| Dissociative Disorders: Characteristics | Disruptions and/or discontinuities; Abnormal integration of consciousness, identity, emotion, etc. |
| Dissociative Disorders: Specific Disorders | Dissociative Identity Disorder; Dissociative Amnesia; Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder |
| Somatic Symptom Disorders: Characteristics | Excessive and/or medically unexplainable symptoms; Commonly encountered in primary care |
| Somatic Symptom Disorders: Specific Disorders | Somatic Symptom Disorder; Illness Anxiety Disorder; Conversion Disorder; Factitious Disorder |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders: Characteristics | Disturbed eating behavior; Consumption and/or absorption of food may be affected. |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders: Specific Disorders | Pica; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder |
| Sleep-Wake Disorders: Characteristics | Disturbance in quality, timing, and/or amount of sleep; May involve breathing patterns or nightmares |
| Sleep-Wake Disorders: Specific Disorders | Insomnia Disorder; Hypersomnolence Disorder; Narcolepsy; Restless Leg Syndrome |
| Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Characteristics | Problems in self-control of emotions; Behaviors violate the rights of others and/or cause legal trouble |
| Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Specific Disorders | Oppositional Defiant Disorder; Intermittent Explosive Disorder; Conduct Disorder; Pyromania; Kleptomania |
| Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Characteristics | Drugs separated into 10 classes; Involves brain's reward system; Tolerance and Withdrawal |
| Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Specific Disorders | Substance Use Disorders; Alcohol Related Disorders; Caffeine, Cannabis, Halluciongenic, etc. - Related Disorders; Gambling Disorders |
| Neuro-cognitive Disorders: Characteristics | Cognition is centrally affected; Deficits in cognitive function range from major to mild |
| Neuro-cognitive Disorders: Specific Disorders | Delirium; Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease |
| Personality Disorders: Characteristics | Enduring pattern of socially deviant feelings and behaviors; Pattern is inflexible across a range of settings and relationships; Begins in adolescence/young adulthood; Not diagnosed in children; Categorized into 3 "clusters" |
| Personality Disorders: Specific Disorders | Cluster A, Cluster B, Cluster C |
| Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric) Personality Disorders | Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal |
| Cluster B (Dramatic/Erratic) Personality Disorders | Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
| Cluster C (Anxious/Fearful) Personality Disorders | Avoidant, Dependent, and OCD Personality Disorders |
Created by:
bri92
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