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Chapter 15 Russia
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| upland | : the high land away from the coast of a country |
| lichen | a plant-like organism that consists of algae and fungus |
| tundra | a flat, treeless plain with permanently frozen ground |
| taiga | a large coniferous forest |
| permafrost | the permanently frozen, lower layers of soil found in the tundra and subarctic climate zones |
| define | to describe the nature or extent of something |
| czar | the title given to an emperor of Russia’s past |
| serf | a farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land |
| genocide | the mass murder of people from a particular ethnic group |
| collectivization | a system in which small farms were combined into huge, state-run enterprises with work done by mechanized techniques in the hopes of making farming more efficient and reducing the need for farmworkers |
| insignificant | unimportant |
| inflation | a sharp increase in the price of goods, sometimes caused by a shortage of goods |
| oligarch | a member of a small ruling group that holds great power |
| decline | to reduce in number |