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Industrial Test
Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American economic transition at the end of the 1800s | -New technologies reduced manufacturing costs and boosted productivity such as Railroads, Telephone, Air-Brake for trains,Typewriter, Electricity, etc. -The U.S. has a lot of raw materials in the states that allowed them to industrialize things for less$ |
| America's first big business | Railroads were considered America’s first big business. Created demand for steel, coal, lumber, oil, etc .Led to more rapid settlement of the west, created new markets for manufactured goods |
| Horizontal integration | -The oil company(Rockefeller) -Without this businesses wouldn't be able to strive to create a industry-wide monopoly -His company is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. |
| Vertical integration | Owning Every step of a business process -think steal company (Carnegie) -This gives companies access to more production inputs, distribution resources and process and retail channels |
| Robber Barons | -Label for business leaders who gained their wealth through corrupt/unfair business practices, often at the expense of society as whole. -Some call Rockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt and Carnegie this |
| Captain of industry | -Label for business leaders whose wealth and success were earned through hard work. -They use their wealth to benefit society as a whole |
| The American $1 billion business | -Carnegie, who later became a philanthropist, sold his company for >$400 million to a new steel combination headed by J. P. Morgan. -U.S. Steel, was not only this, but the largest enterprise in the world, controlling > 3/5 of the nation’s steel business |
| creation of timezone | -When railroads were created people could get across the country quicker which meant there needed to be a way to keep tract of time -Railroad time became standard time for all Americans |
| abusive tactics of railroads companies in the late 1800s | -Rebates: A practice by which a railroad would give money back to its favored customers, rather than charging them lower prices. -Pools: An illegal arrangement made between business leaders in an industry to set prices about a certain level. |
| National labor unions | -The first attempt to organize all workers in all states -skilled, unskilled, agricultural, industrial workers -Founded in 1866, it had 640,000 members by 1868. -The 1st ____ believed in = rights for women & blacks - It lost support during depression |
| the knights of labor | -Secret society in order to avoid detection by employers -Terence V. Powderly -1881 - “to make each man his own employer” -Abolition of child labor, trusts, and monopolies -Grew rapidly in the 1880s and peaked in 1886 -Declined after Haymarket riot |
| the American Federation of Labor | -Concentrated on attaining practical economic goals -1886 as an association of 25 craft unions -Samuel Gompers wanted high wages and better working conditions -Initiated "walk-outs" -By 1901 it was the largest nat'l union |
| Railroad Strike of 1877 | -Railroad companies cut wages in order to reduce costs - President, Rutherford B. Hayes, used federal troops to end labor violence -100s people had been killed -After the strike, some employers addressed the workers grievances while others became harsh |
| Pullman Strike | -Manufactured the railroad sleeping cars -General cut in wages and fired the leaders of the workers -Workers left and asked for help from the American Railroad Union whose leader, Eugene V. Debs, directed railroad workers to boycott ___ |
| The Haymarket Incident | -Chicago -First May Day labor movement -On May 4, workers held a public meeting in Haymarket Square, and as police attempted to break up the meeting, someone threw a bomb, which killed seven police officers |
| Tactics of management of labor unions | -Business leaders would form a "lock out" where they would "fire" workers for a couple weeks if they complained -employers would bring in strikebreakers or scabs: unemployed people desperate for jobs -Blacklisting - |
| Gospel of wealth | -Rich people version of the Social Gospel -"I have been gifted with wealth because believes they can share with others" |
| Social Gospel | -For the Middle Class -Problems in cities -Jane Adams |
| Social Darwinism | -Herbert Spencer thought the idea of natural selection (survival of the fittest) should be in the marketplace -He said the concentration of wealth in the hands of the “fit” was beneficial for future generations -Will Sumner against preserving the poor |
| Late 1800s immigation | |
| Where did immigrants settle in the late 1800s? | |
| The Chinese Exclusion Act | |
| Nativism | |
| Xenophobia | Dislike of people from other countries |
| Urbanization | |
| Problems of urbanization | |
| Settlement Houses | |
| Jane Adams | -Hull House -Settlement House that helps people in the cities with anything they need -Not a real house; opposed to the dumbbell tenemnet |
| Dumbbell Tenements | -Men making money buy renting space to live -Poor conditions that people lived in; some rooms had to windows and really compacted rooms that were never clean -Rules were made to improve living conditions ex) each room needed at least one window |
| Political machines | |
| Thomas Nast | |
| Horace Greeley | |
| Herbert Spencer | |
| Henry George | |
| Edward Bellamy | |
| Populism | |
| Causes of agrarian discontent | -Angry Farmers Why were they angry? - |
| Populists and the money supply | |
| The Omaha Platform/ Populists Demands in 1892 | |
| Mary Elizabeth Lease | |
| William Jennings Bryan | |
| The Election of 1869 | |
| The Interstate Commerce Act |
Created by:
Vicki Hack
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