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Ch. 44
Urinalysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anuria | absence of urine production |
| dysuria | painful or difficult urination |
| glucosuria | presence of glucose in urine |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in urine |
| nocturia | excessive urination during the night |
| oliguria | decrease in the amount of urine formation |
| polyuria | increase in the amount of urine formed and excreted |
| proteinuria | presence of protein in urine |
| renal threshold | concentration at which a substance in the blood not normally excreted by the kidneys begin to appear in the urine |
| specific gravity | weight of a substance compared with an equal amount of water |
| turbid | degree of cloudiness |
| describe characteristics of urine | 95% water and 5% is made up of organic and inorganic substances |
| random urine specimen | used for routine urinalysis screening; not recommended for cultures |
| first morning urine specimen | yields most concentrated type of specimen and is best for pregnancy tests and routine urinalysis |
| clean catch midstream urine specimen | used for urine cultures and routine urinalysis |
| 24 hour urine testing | used for quantitative chemical analysis |
| catheterized urine specimen | best for cultures and maybe used for cytology |
| suprapubic aspirate specimen | involves collecting aspirate from the urinary bladder by introducing a syringe directly into the bladder; sometimes performed on pediatric pts |
| kidneys | filter waste materials from the blood; regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base content of the blood; excrete urine |
| ureters | carry urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urinary bladder | receptacle for urine; receives urine from the kidneys via the ureters and discharges urine from the body through the urethra |
| urethra | discharges urine from the bladder to outside the body |
| normal color of urine | pale yellow, amber, straw yellow |
| abnormal color of urine | orange, red, brown, milky |
| normal specific gravity | 1.005-1.03 |
| normal ph | 4.5-8.0 |
| cause of an acidic pH | acidosis, diabetes mellitus, or starvation |
| cause of an alkaline pH | may indicate a UTI |
| temporary increase in protein | fever, stress, or strenuous exercise |
| chronic increase in protein | renal failure or other renal conditions |
| presence of ketones | starvation, high fat diet, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
| high levels of bilirubin | liver damage or obstructions, hepatitis, or cirrhosis |
| high levels of urobilinogen | biliary obstruction, cirrhosis, heart failure, or excessive RBC destruction |
| presence of blood | trauma to the kidneys, UTI, and kidney stones |
| presence of hemoglobin | transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia, arsenic poisoning, or malaria |
| presence of nitrite | bacteria and possible UTI |
| presence of WBC | UTI |
| orange or brownish color | possible liver disease |
| red or reddish | UTI, trauma, or a renal disorder |
| milky | possibly fat globules or a UTI |
| what are some foods that can change the color of urine | carrots (orange), beets (red), blackberries (red) |
| what are some vitamins that can change the color of urine | C (bright yellow or orange) and B (bright yellow or orange) |
| what are some medications that can change the color of urine | antibiotics (yellowish-brown), rifampin (reddish orange), phenazopyridine (reddish orange) |
Created by:
rewebb
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