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Ch 9 Federalist Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define "precedent." | something done or said that becomes an example for others to follow |
| What is the function of the President's cabinet? | They are group of advisers to the President who manage major departments of the executive branch. |
| Name the five office titles in Washington's cabinet. | Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attorney General, Postmaster General |
| What is the function of the Department of State? | Handling relations with foreign countries. |
| Who was the first Secretary of State? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What are the duties of the Attorney General? | Manage the U.S. government's legal affairs. |
| Who was our nation's first Vice President? | John Adams |
| Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789. Which level of courts did this establish? | Federal |
| According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, federal courts have the power to overturn WHICH level of courts? | State |
| Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? | To protect the people's liberties and freedoms |
| How did Alexander Hamilton explain the reason a National Bank should be created? | The Constitution allowed to Congress to collect taxes & tariffs, borrow money, and regulate trade. A National Bank would be needed to do this; therefore, it is an implied power to create it. |
| What did Hamilton propose to handle the states' war debts? | to take over all of their debts and create one larger national debt |
| Who opposed the plan Hamilton had for addressing the war debt and why? | the Southern states; they had less war debt and did not want to pay off the larger debts from other states |
| What compromise helped the Southern states to approve of Hamilton's plan? | the nation's capital would be moved to the South -- Washington D.C. |
| How did Hamilton plan to pay off the war debts? | Through tariffs, taxes, and the sale of war bonds. |
| What does "civil" mean in government terms? | anything to do with its own citizens |
| True or False. In the 1790s, whiskey was a means of extra income for grain farmers. | True |
| Why did farmers protest the national whiskey tax? | They felt it was unfair because it affected their income. |
| What happened to indicate that the whiskey tax protest had turned into a dangerous uprising? | Arson, assault, hostage-taking, protesters taking up arms, and other violence |
| What did Washington prove by sending troops to end the Whiskey Rebellion? | that the gov't will use force to maintain order |
| How was Great Britain involved in the U.S. conflicts with the Native Americans in the Northwest Territory? | They offered to support Native Americans who opposed American settlers and built forts in the area. |
| What was the name of the Native American leader who defeated Revolutionary War hero Gen. Arthur St. Clair's troops in the Northwest Territory? | Little Turtle |
| What were two advantages the Native Americans thought they had in the Battle of Fallen Timbers? | They were near a British fort (Ft. Miami) and the forest had a lot of fallen trees that were hard to get around. |
| What was the name of the U.S. General who defeated Native American leader Blue Jacket's men in the Battle of Fallen Timbers? | Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne |
| Name the terms of the Treaty of Greenville. | The U.S. gained most of Ohio. The Native Americans were given $20,000 and agreed to only stay in northwestern Ohio. |
| Why did many Americans support the French Revolution at first? | It seemed to be a fight for liberty and freedom from a monarchy. |
| Why did many Americans later oppose the French Revolution? | because of the vast bloodshed due to the Reign of Terror |
| In the "Proclamation of Neutrality," what war did Washington want the U.S. to stay out of? | the war between Britain and France |
| Define "neutral." | not taking either side of an argument, issue, or conflict |
| What two things were not allowed under the "Proclamation of Neutrality?" | - no American can fight for either side - no British or French warship can dock in U.S. ports (keep your war off our shore!) |
| What were the causes of Jay's Treaty? | - impressment (taking of U.S. sailors and forcing them to fight in the British navy) - British forts in the Northwest Territory |
| What were the terms of Jay's Treaty? | - the British will leave their forts in the Northwest Territory - no mention of impressment - avoid war |
| Why was Jay's Treaty unpopular? | - it did not resolve everything - some still wanted war with Britain |
| What country did U.S. make an agreement with in Pinckney's Treaty? | Spain |
| What were the terms of Pinckney's Treaty? | - established a southern border of the U.S. (U.S. gained land) - allowed U.S. to navigate freely on the Mississippi River - allowed U.S. to trade freely in New Orleans |
| Who started the tradition of Presidents not seeking a third term? | George Washington |
| Why did Washington step down after two terms? | He felt he had served his country and it was time for others to fulfill their civic duty. He did not want to be perceived as a king. |
| T/F Washington warned against forming political parties. | True |
| T/F Washington warned against too much national debt. | True |
| T/F Washington warned against forming permanent alliances. | True |
| T/F Washington warned against sectionalism. | True |
| T/F Washington advised to protect freedom of religion. | True |
| T/F Washington urged Americans to trust, protect, and defend the Constitution. | True |
| T/F Washington warned against violent protests to make a change in the government. | True |
| T/F Washington urged future generation to be educated because there is power in an informed voter. | True |
| Can you rename 4 of Washington's warnings and pieces of advice he gave in his Farewell Address? | -- check the T/F questions -- |
| In Washington's cabinet, who had the biggest political rivalry? | Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton |
| What were the names of the first organized political parties in the U.S.? | Federalists and Democratic-Republicans |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? Alexander Hamilton | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? Thomas Jefferson | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? strong central government | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? national bank | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? protective tariffs | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? state banks | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? rule by highly educated and wealthy | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? strong state government | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? free trade | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? rule by common people | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? alliance with France | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? loose interpretation of the Constitution | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? emphasis on manufacturing | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? emphasis on agriculture | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? strict interpretation of the Constitution | Democratic-Republican |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? alliance with Great Britain | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? supports the Alien and Sedition Acts | Federalist |
| Federalist? or Democratic-Republican? supports nullification | Democratic-Republican |
| Name the type of meeting that political parties used in the 1790s to nominate their candidates for office. | caucus |
| Why was the presidential election of 1796 so close? | the political parties had a strong influence and started to divide the nation |
| Were the second President and the second Vice President from the same political party? | No, they were from opposing parties. (The 12th Amendment changes that in 1804.) |
| Name the second President and the second Vice President of the U.S. | John Adams, Pres. & Thomas Jefferson, V.P. |
| Why did John Adams send diplomats to France? | to discuss the French seizing American merchant ships |
| Who were XYZ? | 3 French agents that demanded a bribe to stop seizing American ships |
| Why was the XYZ Affair a scandal? | they did not take America seriously and resorted to criminal actions rather than true diplomatic negotiations |
| Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed? | people were suspicious of French aliens after the XYZ affair and feared they would undermine the new country |
| Why were the Alien Acts probably unconstitutional? | it imprisoned and deported aliens deemed dangerous - they may be denied due process |
| Why were the Sedition Acts probably unconstitutional? | it denied the freedom of speech and the press by making criticisms of the government illegal |
| Which states took a formal stand against the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Virginia and Kentucky |
| Define "nullify." | to make something legally invalid |
| Who can officially declare an act unconstitutional? States through nullification? OR the Supreme Court through judicial review? | the Supreme Court through judicial review |
| What divided the Federalists and hurt John Adams chance for reelection? | the peace treaty with France |
Created by:
LRThompson
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