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GEHS WWII
GEHS US History WWII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Foreign policy presented by Roosevelt that ensured non-intervention and non-interference in Latin America in the 1930s. Reinforced the idea that the US would be a 'good neighbor' in hope to create new economic opportunities and reciprocal trade agreements | Good Neighbor Policy |
| Japan takes this area of China in their first act of aggression during the 1930s. | Manchuria |
| An Italian political party rooted in Nationalism, created by Benito Mussolini. Totalitarian philosophy of government that glorifies the nation and and assigns the state control over every aspect of national life. | Fascist Party |
| Prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943 when he was finally overthrown during WW II. Established a fascist regime with strict censorship and propaganda. Axis ally of Hitler and killed by his own people. | Benito Mussolini |
| Political party formed in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933. Also referred to as the National Socialist Party. | Nazi Party |
| Radical German nationalist during WWI. Became dictator and Fuehrer of Germany in 1933 and led Europe into WWII. | Adolf Hitler |
| The countries that fought against the Allies during WWII, including Germany, Italy, Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. | Axis Powers |
| Military revolt and civil war in Spain from 1936-1939 in which nationalists led by General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the government with Nazi support from Hitler and Germany. | Spanish Civil War |
| Fascist dictator of Spain who led the Nationalists to victory in the Spanish Civil War--silent ally to the Nazi's and Hitler. | Francisco Franco |
| Region between Germany and France, demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. Occupied and re-militarized by Hitler...rich in resources such as coal and served as a buffer for Hitler's Germany. | Rhineland |
| The area of the Czech republic (with large populations of German people) that Hitler seized in violation of the League of Nations...after taking this area, he promised not to take any more territory and signed the Munich Pact. | Sudentenland |
| Term for British/French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands as Hitler took control of territory. Associated primarily with the leadership of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. Lead to the signing of the Munich Pact. | Appeasement |
| Quick Strike or lightening war--Germany invaded Poland on September 1st 1939. Form of warfare in which troops in tanks make quick surprise strikes with support of airplanes. | Blitzkrieg |
| The belief that the United States should refrain from any involvement in overseas politics, alliances or wars and to always stay neutral or stay out of foreign affairs particularly in Europe. | Isolationism |
| In 1937-1938, the Empire of Japan took territory in China including Manchuria and the Nanking Provinces. In a display of military might-Japanese Army perpetrated horrible atrocities on Chinese civilians and soldiers--including mass killings and rapes. | The Rape of Nanking |
| Was formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI solely to make profit. It also increased anti-war atmosphere and pushed FDR to pass Neutrality Acts. | Nye Committee |
| Leading isolationist group advocating that America focus on continental defense and non-involvement with the war in Europe--if you were in this group you were considered an isolationist. | America First Committee |
| When Japan invaded China in 1937, FDR tested the public opinion by making a speech proposing that the democracies act together to stop Japanese aggression by cutting off economic supplies to Japan. | Quarantine Speech |
| Roosevelt persuaded Congress in 1939 to adopt a less restrictive Neutrality Act, which provided that a belligerent could buy U.S. arms if it used its own ships and paid cash to take them back to Europe. | Cash and Carry |
| A law for compulsory military service first used in WWI and again in 1940 during WW II. Provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 35 and for the training of 1.2 million troops in one year. | Selective Service Act |
| Britain received 50 older but still serviceable U.S. destroyers and gave the United States the right to build military bases on British islands in the Caribbean that we still use today. | Destroyers-for-Bases Deal |
| A speech by FDR that proposed lending money to Britain for the purchase of U.S. war materials and that the United States must help other nations defend freedom of speech, religion, want, and fear. | Four Freedoms Speech |
| The legislation gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers. Great Britain was allowed to borrow money to buy military equipment from the US. | Lend- Lease Act (1941) |
| 1941 pledge signed in secret by US president FDR and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on a ship in the Atlantic Ocean not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war and prevent another world war. | Atlantic Charter |
| Japanese naval air force made a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in this place in Hawaii. Several battleships of the U.S. Pacific fleet were damaged or sunk. This attack resulted in an American declaration of war the following day. Dec. 7th, 1941. | Pearl Harbor |
| Board that allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civil goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers. It provided the needed raw materials for the war effort during WW II. | War Production Board |
| Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. Wartime Propaganda Agency in the U.S.A. | Office of War Information |
| A secret research and development project of the U.S to develop the atomic bomb. Its success granted the U.S the bombs that ended the war with Japan as well as ushering the country into the atomic era. | Manhattan Project |
| Regulated almost every aspect of civilians lives by freezing prices, wages, and rests and rationing, such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires. | Office of Price Administration |
| A slogan saying one victory over fascism abroad and one for equality at home--A Civil Rights aspect discussed on the home front and promoted by 1940s civil rights leader, Asa Philip Randolph. | The Double V |
| Program established by agreement with the Mexican government to recruit temporary Mexican agricultural workers to the United States to make up for wartime labor shortages in the far west--particularly agricultural jobs in California. | Braceros Program |
| Japanese were seen as a threat to the U.S. citizens. In order to keep these suspicious citizens under control, they were relocated to internment camps under FDR's Executive Order 9066--a direct violation of Japanese-American civil liberties. | Japanese Internment |
| 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld FDR's Executive Order 9066--providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. | Korematsu v. U.S. |
| A cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in war factories during World War II. Many of whom worked in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materials for the war. | "Rosie the Riveter" |
| Vice president under FDR in 1945, he assumed the office of the presidency in April of that year, when FDR died from a brain hemorrhage. He chose to use atomic weapons against Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end the war in the Pacific. | Harry S. Truman |
| Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe during World War II and planner of the D-Day invasion...became president after Truman and during his two terms presided over the economically prosperous 1950s. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Turning point in the war; day of invasion of Normandy - June 6, 1944; over 9,000 soldiers died. | D-Day |
| A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Means 'death by fire'. Over 6 million killed. | Holocaust |
| A strategy in which Pacific commanders bypassed strongly held Japanese posts and isolated them with naval and air power. Allied forces moved steadily toward Japan as the allies took one island after another. | Island- Hopping |
| A pivotal naval battle fought near the island of Midway on June 3-6, 1942. The victory halted Japanese advances and is considered the 'turning point' toward Allied victory over Japan in the War in the Pacific during WW II. | Battle of Midway |
| American commander in the Philippines and mastermind of the 'leapfrogging' strategy for bypassing strongly defended Japanese islands during WW II he would go on to command American troops in the Korean War. | Douglas MacArthur |
| 'Divine wind,' Japanese term for fighter pilots who crashed their planes into American warships during the latter stages of WW II in the Pacific. | Kamikaze Attacks |
| He was remembered as the 'Father of the Atomic Bomb.' Also led the Manhattan Project. His science created the most destructive weapon in human history. | J Robert Oppenheimer |
| The US warned Japan that it had weapons of mass destruction. The Japanese were warned to surrender or suffer the consequences. The first atomic bomb was dropped on this Japanese city on August 6,, 1945. | Hiroshima |
| August 9, 1945,the U.S. dropped second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, killed or wounded 80,000 people. Japan then surrendered August 10--which is forever known in history as? | V-J -Day |
| Nickname for Allied war leaders who met between 1943 and 1945 to coordinate attacks on Germany and Japan, and later to discuss plans for postwar Europe and settlement of Germany in various wartime conferences such as Potsdam Conference. | Big Three |
| A wartime conference in Iran that was attended by FDR, Churchill, and Stalin. It was the first meeting of the 'Big Three' and it agreed on an opening of a second front (Overlord), and that the Soviet Union should enter the war against Japan. | Tehran Conference |
| This wartime conference focused on discussing Europe's postwar reorganization following the defeat of the Axis Powers; intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. | Yalta Conference |
| Meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Truman to discuss the post-WWII era; compromise:each wartime power would get an occupation zone in Germany. Marked the end of wartime alliances and the beginning of a Cold War between the Soviet Union and the Allies. | Potsdam Conference |
| An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security following World War II that still exists to this day. Located in New York City, New York. | United Nations |
| May 8th 1945 marks the Allied victory over Hitler's forces in Europe. It is the formal acceptance of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces. | V-E- Day |
| War crimes trials following World War II of German, Italian, and Japanese leaders who committed war-crimes. Some leaders of the Axis powers were executed for their involvement in the Holocaust and Rape of Nanking. | Nuremberg Trials |
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