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First Government
The Articles of Confederation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a "constitution"? | A written plan of government |
| What are the two reasons why Americans wanted a written constitution? | 1. It would put limits on the power of the government; 2. It would clearly state the rights of the citizens |
| What are some of the documents that influenced the early American governments? | Magna Charta, English Bill of Rights, the writings of John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu, state constitutions, the Iroquois Confederation, and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom |
| What does the term "suffrage" mean? | the right to vote |
| What does the term "ratification" mean? | approval process |
| What does the term "tariff" mean? | a tax on foreign/imported goods |
| What does the term "interstate commerce" mean? | trade between two or more states |
| What does the term "inflation" mean? | an economic cycle in which the value of money falls and prices rise |
| What does the term "depression" mean? | a steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment |
| What was the name of the nation's first constitution? | The Articles of Confederation |
| What year were the Articles of Confederation ratified? | 1781- All 13 states were required for ratification. Maryland would not approve the Articles until all states gave up their land claims west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create? | A loose alliance of the 13 states |
| What powers were given to the national government under the Articles of Confederation? | Making laws, making treaties, declaring war, appointing military officers, delivering the mail, handling Indian affairs, coining money, asking for/borrowing money |
| What were the weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation? | 9 of 13 states needed to pass a law, no standing army during times of peace, no power to tax, no executive branch to enforce the laws, no judicial branch to settle disputes between the states, could not regulate interstate commerce,states could coin money |
| What was the Land Ordinance of 1785 about? | It was the government's plan to sell the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Lands were surveyed and divided into townships and each township was divided into 36 sections to be auctioned off by the government. |
| What was a "township"? | A six by six mile square (36 square miles) |
| What was a "section"? | Each township was divided into 36 one by one mile squares (one Square mile or 640 acres)called sections. |
| How were the sections sold and what was the minimum payment accepted? | Each section was put up for auction by the national government with a minimum acceptable offer of $640 ($1/acre). Sections were sold in their entirety. |
| What was the money from the sale of section 16 used for? | The money raised from the auctioning of section 16 was used to build and support a public school for the township. Three other sections in each township were given as payment to the veterans of the Revolutionary War. |
| What were the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? | Banned slavery north of Ohio River; territory would be divided into 3-5 smaller territories; governor chosen by Congress until 60,000 free people lived in territory and applied for statehood as equals to other states. |
| What were the five territories carved out of the Northwest Territory? | Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Part of Minnesota was in the Northwest Territory too. |
| What were some of the problems that the new nation faced under the Articles of Confederation? | Troubles with Britain and Spain; interstate commerce; inflation; depression; rebellion |
| What event showed the nation that the government under the Articles of Confederation was crisis? | Shays' Rebellion in western Massachusetts in 1786. |
| What caused Shays' Rebellion? | Economic depression-high taxes in Massachusetts-farmers (many of them former soldiers!)were losing their farms, homes, and businesses to the banks- some put in debtors' prison> anger led to rebellion |
| What were the results of Shays' Rebellion? | National government unable to help- Massachusetts militia put down rebellion- A nation in crisis calls for a national convention in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation |
| What was the Annapolis Convention? | A meeting of nine of the 13 states in 1786 held in Annapolis, Maryland. They met to discuss economic issues and Shays' Rebellion It was poorly attended. |
| What were the results of the Annapolis Convention? | It was poorly attended and little was achieved. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison called for a national convention of the 13 states to be held in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. |
Created by:
rdewald
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