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FWTL Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Columbus Arrives | the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the New World |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | declared racial segregation in public facilities (schools, public transportation, etc.) IS protected by the Constitution |
| Cold War | the long-standing tension between the U.S. & the U.S.S.R. that never quite became a full war |
| James-Town Established | the first "successful" English colony in North America |
| Progressive Era | the broad-based effort to improve American society, especially workplace conditions and access to government for common people |
| New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's legislative and bureaucratic efforts to help the U.S. recover from its economic difficulties |
| 14th Amendment | anyone born in the U.S. was declared a citizen of the U.S. |
| Trail of Tears | the forced removal of the Cherokee Indians from their traditional homelands in the South and their re-settlement in Oklahoma |
| Brown v. Board of Education | declared racial segregation in public facilities (schools, public transportation, etc.) IS NOT protected by the Constitution |
| Reconstruction | the legislative, economic, and military program to rebuild the country after the Civil War |
| Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima | the event that ended World War II |
| Roaring '20s | a period of extreme social change, marked by economic prosperity, changing morality (especially for women), and open disrespect for the law |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | the killing by the U.S. Army of Sioux men, women, and children who were prepared to surrender their arms |
| Louisiana Purchase | the deal that doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Iraq War | the U.S. invaded a major Middle Eastern country in order to remove the dictator, remove 'weapons of mass destruction' believed to be there, and retaliate for the 9/11 attack |
| 19th Amendment | women gain the right to vote |
| Bill of Rights Ratified | the list and description of the legal rights of American citizens that marked the first time the U.S. Constitution was changed |
| McCarthyism | the fear-driven effort to identify and remove all Communists in various aspects of American society |
| Civil Rights Movement | the broad-based, long-term effort to achieve full rights and freedom for African-Americans |
| Election of President Obama | the U.S. elected its first non-white President |
| Watergate | the election scandal that forced President Nixon to resign |
| Pilgrims Found Plymouth Colony | the first English colony established for religious reasons |
| World Wide Web Goes Public | the "Information Superhighway" made digital information available in homes and on wireless devices |
| U.S. Constitution Drafted and Ratified | the basic structure of the U.S. government was created |
| Louis and Clark Expedition | the 2 1/2-year mission to explore the land acquired in the deal that doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Revolutionary War | Great Britain and the American colonies fought over independence for the colonies |
| Plains Indian Wars | the U.S. and various Native American tribes fought over control of the land in the middle of the continent |
| 9/11 | terrorist attack carried out by Muslim extremists against Major landmarks in New York City and Washington D.C. |
| Civil War | the Union and the Confederacy fought over how much power the Constitution gives to the federal government |
| World War I | the Central Powers and the Allied Powers fought over control of Europe and colonies in Africa and the Middle East |
| World War II | the Allies and the Axis Powers fought over control of Europe, East Asia, and the islands in the Pacific |
| Vietnam War | U.S. combat troops fought for years in Southeast Asia in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the spread of Communism |
| Columbus Arrives | the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the New World |
| Declaration of Independence | the American colonies announced to the world that they are no longer under the control of Great Britain |
| Settlement of the West | the mass migration of American settlers from east of the Mississippi River to the west coast of the continent |
| Transcontinental Railroad Completed | made traveling by land from one coast of the U.S. to the other coast much quicker and easier |
| Wright Brothers Fly an Airplane | the first successful powered flight by humans |
| 15th Amendment | the newly-freed slaves gained the right to vote |
| Stock Market Crash | the best-known indicator of the health of the American economy dropped dramatically in a week, throwing the nation into an economic crisis |
| Assassination of President Kennedy | the murder of the 35th President of the United States |
| Henry Ford Mass Produces the Model T | made cars cheaper and more readily available for more Americans |
| Reagan Revolution | conservative political movement led by the 40th President that emphasized lower taxes, decentralized government, increased defense spending, and more aggressive opposition to Communism |
| Oregon Trail | the best-known route of migration for American settlers headed to the West Coast |
| Great Depression | a period of world-wide economic difficulties, including high levels of unemployment |
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