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Ch. 11 Review
US History - Ch. 11 PRT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | In the early 1800s the US becomes more industrial, textile mills grow and become more prevalent. |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor of cotton gin. |
| Cotton Gin | Instrument that removes seeds from cotton, increases efficiency as well as the demand for cotton. |
| Interchangeable parts | Parts used in mechanized equipment or tools that are mass produced and can be replaced . |
| Patent | sole legal right to an invention and its profits |
| Lowell girls | Girls between the ages 10-25 would go live and work at the mill for 8-10 months of the year doing various jobs. They were paid frequently and many sent their income home to support their families. |
| Samuel Slater | Englishmen who was a foreman of a textile mill. He memorized how the mills and the machines operated and brought the knowledge with him, establishing his own mill in Rhode Island. |
| Textile Mill | Several steps of manufacturing fabric are all done in one place; cleaning cotton, spinning cotton into yarn, spinning yarn into thread, weaving thread into fabric, dying fabric. |
| Free Enterprise | a type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want |
| Capitalism | America's economic system where capital (land, workers, property) are used however a person/business wants. |
| Growth of cities | With the industrial revolution, more people moved to the cities in search of jobs. Cities were often crowded with poor sanitation. |
| Census | An official count of the population. |
| Daniel Boone | Outdoors man who cleared the Wilderness Road and explored areas of Kentucky and Tennessee, later guiding settlement in these areas. |
| Cumberland Gap/Wilderness Road | The gap in the Appalachian Mountains through which Boone blazed the trail of the Wilderness Road. |
| National Road | Road connecting Ohio with the eastern part of the US. Started in Virginia and was built by the US government. Paved with crushed stone as well as using a method of laying logs out in places. |
| Clermont | The steamship built by Robert Fulton which traveled from New York City to Albany in 32 hours. |
| Robert Fulton | Commissioned by a wealthy NYC businessman to build a steam ship that could travel upstream quickly. Built the Clermont. |
| Erie Canal | Artificial waterway that connects Lake Erie to the Hudson River. |
| Nationalism | Political and national unity and pride. |
| Era of Good Feelings | Time period during which their was little political disunity and strife. |
| Clay's American System | A program intending to stimulate the economy and increase the power of the federal government. |
| Henry Clay | Speaker of the House during James Monroe's presidency. Federalist. |
| Second National Bank | Chartered by Congress after the lapse of the first bank; restored order to the money supply. |
| New Tariffs | Protective tariffs passed under Monroe's presidency to protect American businesses. |
| Sectionalism | rivalry based on the special interests of different areas of the country |
| John C. Calhoun | Represented the Southern section of the US in Congress |
| Daniel Webster | Represented the New England section of the US in Congress |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, all states are subject to it. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | The Supreme Court said that only Congress had the power to make laws governing interstate commerce, or trade between states. |
| Monopoly | a market where there is only one provider of a good or service. |
| Interstate Commerce | Trade between the states. |
| Missouri Statehood | Missouri's petition for statehood threatened to tip the balance of power between the free and slave states in Congress. |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri enters as a slave state, Maine as a free state. The Fugitive Slave Act requires all citizens to assist in the recover of runaway slaves, there will be no slavery north of 36*30 in future territories/states. |
| Acquisition of Florida | Spain cedes portions of Florida to the US. |
| Foreign relations with Spain | The military enters Florida to subdue Native Americans attacking American settlers in Florida. The military power the US displays leads the Spanish to cede the rest of Florida. European nations offer to assist the Spanish in reclaiming lost lands. |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | Treaty in which Spain cedes western Florida to the US. |
| Miguel Hidalgo | A Mexican priest who rebels against Spanish rule, calling for equal distribution of land and fair treatment. |
| Monroe Doctrine | The US policy that North and South America should be considered off-limits for European nations to conquer or claim. |
| Mark Twain | Humorist and writer who grew up along the Mississippi River. Wrote "Life on the Mississippi" which outlines steamboat operation and travel along the rivers. |
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WeberAE
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