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Respiratory
Finding and significance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absent breath sounds | Pleural effusion, pneumothorax |
| absence of nail bed angle or schamroth space CLUBBING | TB, lung cancer, lung abcess, bronchiectasis |
| Biots respiration (irregularly irregular) | Damage to medulla-CVA, trauma or tumor |
| Bronchophony (loud breath sounds) | pneumonia, compression atelectasis |
| cheyne-stoke breathing (regularly irregular) | CHF, raised intracranial pressure |
| crackles | pneumonia, CHF, bronchiectasis, |
| cyanosis-central | Fallots, severe respiratory distress |
| cyanosis-peripheral | cold temperatures, raynauds |
| decreased tactile fremitus | COPD, pleural effusion, asthma |
| egophony (e sounds like a) | pneumonia, compression atelectasis |
| flared nasal alae | respiratory distress |
| Gibbus | Potts disease, TB |
| Halitosis | Bronchiectasis |
| Hyper-resonant percussion | pneumothorax, emphysema, asthma |
| increased tactile fremitus | pneumonia, TB |
| intercostal space bulging | pleural effusion and empyema |
| intercostal space retraction | severe asthma, and upper airway obstruction |
| kussmauls breathing (deep rapid breathing) | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| musty ammonia breath | liver failure |
| pectis carinatum (pigeon sternum) | rickets, congenital abnormality |
| pectin excavatum (funnel chest) | rickets, congenital abnormality |
| pitted nails | psoriasis |
| pleuritic friction rub | pleurisy |
| precordial friction rub | pericarditis |
| red currant jelly sputum | klebsiella pneumonia |
| rust colored sputum | pneumococcal pneumonia |
| stony dull percussion note | pleural effusion |
| sweating with chest pain | MI, PE or dissecting thoracic aorta |
| Tender swollen costochondral joint | Tietze's syndrome |
| Tracheal shift | Pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, TB |
| Tracheal tug | aneurysm of arch of aorta |
| wheeze | asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD |
| whispered pectoriloquy | pneumonia, compression, atelectasis |