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rubenstein ch. 10
Agriculture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Before the invention of agriculture, how did people provide for themselves? | by hunting and gathering |
| Name 2 areas where hunter and gatherers still live. | Arctic, interior of Africa and interior of Australia |
| What is the deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain called? | agriculture |
| What type of activity takes place on some of the most isolated places on earth? | hunting and gathering |
| According to Carl Sauer what was the first type of plant cultivation? | vegetative planting ( cuttings and root division) |
| What is the reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that results from sexual fertilization called? | seed agriculture |
| Agriculture probably started in multiple hearths. True or False | True |
| Where did vegetative planting most likely begin? | Southeast Asia |
| Name 2 vegetative planting hearths. | Southeast Asia and West Africa |
| Where are 3 seed agriculture hearths located? | Western India, Northern China, Ethiopia |
| Where in the world did people first incorporate animal domestication with seed Agriculture? | Southwest Asia |
| What type of agriculture consists of producing only enough food for your family to consume? | Subsistence |
| What is the purpose of commercial farming? | to sell crops for money |
| What percent of people in MDC's are directly involved in farming? | less than 10% |
| What electronic tools are used in precision agriculture? | GPS, satellite imagery, and yield monitors |
| Most commercial fasrms in the United States are family owned. True or False? | True |
| What is the system of commercial farming and other MDCs called? | Agribusiness |
| The mapping of agriculture regions closely relates to what other phenomena? | climate |
| What are 2 hallmarks of slash and burn agriculture? | shifting cultivation, fields only used a couple of years, fields are slashed and then burned |
| What does GMO stand for? | genetically modified organisms |
| What is the seasonal practice of moving livestock between mountains and lowlands called? | transhumence |
| For pastoral nomads, what determines the amount of the power and prestige? | the size of their herd |
| What factors contribute to animal selection for pastoral nomads? | local cultural and physical characteristics |
| What is the practice of growing crops of ridgetops called? | ridge tillage |
| What three areas is intensive agriculture practiced the most? | East, South and Southeast Asia |
| In what type of agriculture practice is there virtually no land wasted? | intensive subsistence farming |
| What is the term of cultivation of 2 crops per year? | double cropping |
| In Europe, what method did farmers emply to maintain soil fertility? | crop rotation |
| What agricultural practice was finally developed in the 18th century in northwestern Europe? | four field crop rotation system |
| What type of agriculture exists in Southern Europe, North Africa, California, Central Chile and Southwestern South Africa? | Mediterranean |
| Name 3 crops commonly associated with Mediterranean agriculture. | olives, grapes, fruits vegetables |
| What type of farming produces the products demanded by consumers in MDC's? | truck farming / commercial gardening |
| What is the ring surrounding the city from which milk can be supplied without spiling called? | milkshed |
| What 2 crops are grown the most in mixed crop and livestock agriculture regions? | corn adn soybeans |
| What are the primary spring wheat belt in the United States? | Dakotas and Montana |
| What type of farming has spread to New England which consists of growing expensive vegetables and nursery plants? | Specialty farming |
| Who created a theory to explain how population growth influences the distribution of types of susistence farming? | Ester Boserut |
| Due to overgrazing, what are semiarid lands subject to? | desertification |
| What was the rapid invention and diffusion of more productive agriculure practices in the 1960's and 70's called? | Green Revolution |
| What continent benefitted the least from the Green Revolution? | Africa |
| What type of agriculture occurs in LDCs that is controlled by MDC corporation? | export crops |
| Name 3 plantation agricultural products. | cotton, coffee, sugarcane |
| What 2 factors influence the choice of crops for commercial farmers? | value of yield and cost of transporting it |
| According to Von Thumen, how is land used in the ring closest to the market? | perishable products like dairy and horticulture |
| In general why do commercial farmers suffer low incomes? | They produce more food than is demanded by MDC's. |
| Name 2 policies the US gov't uses to discourage farmers from producing too much food. | They encourage planting fallow crops. and they pay farmers when prices are low. |
| What are 2 basic principles of sustainable agriculture? | limited use of chemicals and integration of crops and livestock. |
| According to the Von Thumen model, how is the third ring used? | crop rotation |
Created by:
beli@austin.rr.com
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