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Units 1-4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| historian | a person who studies or writes about history |
| perspective | a way of thinking about and understanding something |
| archaeologists | Scientists that study past human life and activities by studying the bones, tools, etc., of ancient people |
| norms | standards of proper or acceptable behavior |
| historical thinking | the skill of examining history for yourself; to consult a lot of different sources and compare the multiple points of view of the people who were there at the time |
| primary source | document or physical object which was written or created during the time period being studied |
| secondary source | A document that interprets and analyzes primary sources – not written at the time of the event |
| historical narrative | the practice of writing history in a story-based form |
| artifacts | a simple object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past |
| historical investigation | Using texts, artifacts and documents to explore events of the past |
| values | strongly held beliefs about what is valuable, important, or acceptable |
| Cities | a center of population, commerce, and culture |
| Government | a system of rule by which a city, state, or nation is governed |
| Religion | a set of beliefs in and worship of God or gods |
| Social Structure | a specific, stable arrangement of institutions whereby people in a society interact and live together |
| Job Specialization | to be involved in some special line of work or study; can include only a few steps in the total production of a good or service |
| Public Works | a broad category of projects, financed and built by the government, for recreation, employment, health, etc. |
| Writing | to express or communicate using symbols such as an alphabet, other pictorial marks, etc. |
| Art | a category of items such as paintings, sculptures, music, etc. |
| Geography | a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface |
| History | a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events |
| Greek Civilization | ancient civilization that creates the foundation for the culture and civilization of the modern western world – lasting from around 3000 BC to the beginning of foreign rule in Greece starting in 146 BC |
| Enduring Impact | a permanent and lasting accomplishment or idea that continues to affect later generations |
| historical legacy | something accomplished or created that has an impact on future generations |
| Representative Democracy | form of government where citizens have the power to elect representatives to make decisions for them |
| Direct Democracy | a type of government where citizens have the power to participate directly in government |
| Modern Democratic Governments | all present day governments that are influenced by Greek democratic ideas |
| Monarchy | a type of government that is run by a king or queen with absolute power and is based on heredity |
| Theocracy | a type of government that is run by religion |
| astrolabe | a device that used the position of the stars, sun and moon to tell your location, the time of day and the date |
| ore smelting | the process that uses heat to turn ore into iron |
| pulley block | a simple machine that decreases the amount of work needed to lift an object |
| wood screw | used to transfer water from a low elevation to a high elevation |
| literature | written works, especially those of lasting merit |
| Christianity | a religion with the belief in one God and Jesus Christ as the son of God who died on a cross and rose from the dead for sins of people |
| Republic | a country that is governed by elected representatives |
| Tripartite Government | Government with three branches that share power |
| Checks and Balances | The ability of one branch of a government to keep another branch from becoming too powerful |
| Senate | The powerful law making branch of Roman government |
| Consuls | Two leaders of the Roman Senate, elected by the assembly and have the ability to veto |
| Assembly | All citizens gather to vote on leaders and laws |
| Constitution | A set of rules that determine how a government functions |
| Germanic Invasions | The barbarian groups known as the Germanic groups invaded the weak Roman Empire |
| Feudalism | A government based on the exchange of goods and services for protection |
| Manorial system | The economic system of a feudal government where all goods and materials are made within the manor – no trade (workers pay lord of the manor with labor, goods or coins) |
| Land- based economy | An economy where power is based on the amount of land you own or control (land=power) |
| Hierarchy | Categorization of a group of people according to ability or status |
| Peasants | Lower class of medieval society who works the farmland in return for protection |
| Lords | Person with authority and power over others – gave protection to lower class in exchange for goods |
| Vassals | Phrase given to any person or group who gets protection in exchange for loyalty and service |
Created by:
Mrs.Love
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