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US His Final Sem 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monopoly | A single Corporation that controls an entire industry |
| Andrew Carnegie | Industrialist who sold his steel business and became one of the wealthiest men in the world |
| John D. Rockefeller | Industrialist who gained control of the oil industry |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | Formed to focus on workers' issues such as wages and working hours |
| Angel Island | The location on the west coast at which most Asian immigrants entered the United States |
| Tenement | A rundown building divided into a number of apartments to house several families |
| Sharecropping | System under which farm workers are often unable to get out of debt to the landowners |
| Dawes Act | Legislation that encouraged the Native Americans to assimilate into the main American culture |
| Gospel of Wealth | The idea that those who accumulated great wealth should share their riches for the betterment of society |
| Populist Party | A group that favored lower transportation costs, the regulation of the railroads, and the coinage of "free silver" |
| Muckrackers | Socially conscious writers who dramatized the need for reform |
| Settlement house | A community center that provided social services to the urban poor |
| NAWSA | An organization that worked for women's suffrage |
| Booker T. Washington | An African American leader who urged African Americans to demand immediate recognition of their rights |
| NAACP ( National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) | An organization that used the courts to challenge laws that were unfair to African Americans |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's plan for fair government |
| Gifford Pinchot | A man who lead the Division of Forestry under President Theodore Roosevelt |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Legislation that strengthened the Sherman AntiTrust Act by spelling out the specific activities in which businesses could not engage |
| Sphere of Influence | Privileged access by Britain, France, Germany, and Russia to Chinese ports and markets |
| William Howard Taft | Governor of the Philippines who later became president of the United States |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | A Filipino nationalist who rebelled separately against Spain and the United States |
| "Moral" diplomacy | President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy |
| Platt Amendment | Effectively brought Cuba within the U.S. sphere |
| Jingoism | Aggressive form of nationalism popularized by U.S. press |
| Imperialism | A policy in which strong nations control weaker countries or territories |
| William Randolph Hearst | Owner of the New York Journal |
| Reparations | Payments for war damages |
| Creditor nation | A country that owes less money than it is owed |
| Lusitania | British passenger ship |
| Western Front | A section of French border that was critical to winning the war |
| Bernard Baruch | Head of the War Industries Board |
| Influenza | A viral illness |
| Espionage Act | Banned certain printed materials |
| Casualties | Soldiers killed, wounded and missing |
| John H. Pershing | Commander of American forces in Europe |
| Selective Service Act | Authorized a military draft |
| Bonus Army | World War I veterans who marched on Washington to demand payment of money promised by Congress |
| Okies | Dust Bowl refugees who moved westward to find work |
| Speculation | Risky stock purchases made by investors with the hope of high returns |
| Herbert Hoover | President when the stock market crashed |
| Repartitions | Government efforts to encourage or pressure Mexican immigrants to return to Mexico |
| Douglas MacArthur | General who dispersed protestors in the capital by ordering federal troops to fire on them with tear gas |
| Business Cycle | The periodic expansion and contraction of the economy |
| Tenant Farmers | Agricultural workers who work on land owned by someone else |
| Trickle-down economics | The theory that money invested in banks and businesses will work its way through the system to laborers |
| Great Depression | The occasion of the stock market crash |
| Andrew Mellon | Wealthy banker who served in the Harding administration |
| Scopes Trial | Set the theories of Charles Darwin against fundamentalism |
| Dawes Plan | Agreement to settle international debts from World War I |
| Harlem Renaissance | 1920's cultural outpouring assiciated with African |
| The Jazz Singer | First film with synchronized sound |
| Langston Hughes | Wrote of the pain and pride of being black |
| Mass production | Manufacturing method in which each worker performs one step |
| Sigmund Freud | Psychologist who stressed the importance of the unconscious mind |
| Ku Klux Klan | Targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants |
| Bull market | A period during which the value of stocks increases |
| Huey Long | Louisiana Senator who opposed the New Deal |
| Pump priming | Putting money in consumers' hands to stimulate the economy |
| Welfare State | Formed when the government assumes responsibility for providing for citizens' needs |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | Member of the Black Cabinet |
| Sit-down Strike | Protest used against General motors |
| Court packing | Name for FDR's attempt to change the Supreme Court |
| Federal Art Project | New Deal program that funded large murals |
| Works Progress Administration | New Deal program created to build and improve highways |
| John Steinbeck | Writer of the "Grapes of Wrath" |
| Collective bargaining | Allowed union members to negotiate about hours and wages |
| Dollar Diplomacy | President Taft's policy of expanding American investments abroad |
| Western Front | Word War I battle front between the Allies and Central Powers in western Europe |
| Al Capone | Head of large illegal network in the 20's that ran speakeasies where customers could buy alcohol, and other illegal activities |
| Black Tuesday | Oct, 29, 1929..when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash |
| FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - Government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositors' money will be safe |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority - government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control flooding and generate electric power |
| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps - New Deal program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects, including reforestation and flood control |
| Social Security Act | 1935 law that set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, created insurance for victims of work related accidents, provided aid for blind, disabled |
| Wagner Act | New Deal law that abolished unfair labor practices, recognized the right of employees to organize labor unions, and gave workers the right to collective bargaining |
| WPA | Workers Progress Administration - New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public - works projects |
| Joseph Stalin | Italian Leader |
| Blitzkrieg | "Lightening war" use of speed and firepower to penetrate deep into the enemy's territory |
| Adolf Hitler | Leader pf Germany |
| Tojo Hideki | General and later became Japanese Prime Minister, nickname "The Razor" for his sharp mind, which he used to focus on military expansion |
| Tripartite Pact | Agreement that created an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II |
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