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PBHS MexicanLeaders
You Gotta Know Mexican Leaders
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Montezuma II | Allowed Cortes to enter Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan; later imprisoned in own palace. |
Noche Triste "Sad Night" | Spanish escape during conflicts in Tenochtitlan; led to Montezuma's death |
Cuauhtemoc | Final Aztec emperor captured by Cortes |
smallpox | 1521 ravages of this and the help of indigenous allies allowed Cortes to conquer Tenochtitlan |
Iturbide (also known as Augustine of Mexico) | First ruler (emperor) of independent Mexico |
Iturbide | He released the Plan of Iguala, "Plan of the Three Guarantees" or "Plan Trigarante," |
Plan of Iguana (Three Guarantees) | This called for Mexican independence, a Catholic state, equality of all races |
Iturbide | forced into exile by Santa Anna in 1823; executed when returned in 1824 |
Santa Anna (Antonio Lopex de Santa Anna) | President of Mexico 11 different times between 1833 and 1855. |
Santa Anna | Held elaborate funeral for the leg he lost during the "Pasty War" with France. |
Santa Anna | Defeated by Sam Houston |
1836 Battle of San Jacinto | Santa Anna defeated by Houston in this battle |
Santa Anna | He seized control of the government during the Mexican-American War but lost battles at Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec and was forced into exile. |
Hidalgo | A parish priest, leader of Mexico's first independence movement |
Grito de Dolores "Cry of Dolores" | Call for revolt issued by Hidalgo to his congregation against New Spain |
Mexico's Day of Independence, Sept. 16, 1810 | Cry of Dolores issued on Sept. 16, 1810 still celebrated as Mexico's official this |
Benito Juarez | Liberal lawyer; first indigenous president of Mexico |
Juarez | Led opposition to Maximilian von Hapsburg (French-backed) |
Juarez | Deposed Santa Anna and initiated "La Reforma" (incorporated into a new constitution in 1857) to eliminate special privileges to church and military |
Austrian archduke Maximilian, executed on the Hill of the Bells | Napoleon III invaded Mexico in the "French Intervention" and imposed this man as the second emperor |
Juarez | He retuned to Mexico City after the execution of Maximilian on the Hill of the Bells and remained president until his death |