You Gotta Know Mexican Leaders
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| Montezuma II | Allowed Cortes to enter Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan; later imprisoned in own palace.
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| Noche Triste "Sad Night" | Spanish escape during conflicts in Tenochtitlan; led to Montezuma's death
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| Cuauhtemoc | Final Aztec emperor captured by Cortes
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| smallpox | 1521 ravages of this and the help of indigenous allies allowed Cortes to conquer Tenochtitlan
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| Iturbide (also known as Augustine of Mexico) | First ruler (emperor) of independent Mexico
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| Iturbide | He released the Plan of Iguala, "Plan of the Three Guarantees" or "Plan Trigarante,"
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| Plan of Iguana (Three Guarantees) | This called for Mexican independence, a Catholic state, equality of all races
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| Iturbide | forced into exile by Santa Anna in 1823; executed when returned in 1824
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| Santa Anna (Antonio Lopex de Santa Anna) | President of Mexico 11 different times between 1833 and 1855.
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| Santa Anna | Held elaborate funeral for the leg he lost during the "Pasty War" with France.
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| Santa Anna | Defeated by Sam Houston
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| 1836 Battle of San Jacinto | Santa Anna defeated by Houston in this battle
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| Santa Anna | He seized control of the government during the Mexican-American War but lost battles at Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec and was forced into exile.
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| Hidalgo | A parish priest, leader of Mexico's first independence movement
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| Grito de Dolores "Cry of Dolores" | Call for revolt issued by Hidalgo to his congregation against New Spain
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| Mexico's Day of Independence, Sept. 16, 1810 | Cry of Dolores issued on Sept. 16, 1810 still celebrated as Mexico's official this
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| Benito Juarez | Liberal lawyer; first indigenous president of Mexico
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| Juarez | Led opposition to Maximilian von Hapsburg (French-backed)
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| Juarez | Deposed Santa Anna and initiated "La Reforma" (incorporated into a new constitution in 1857) to eliminate special privileges to church and military
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| Austrian archduke Maximilian, executed on the Hill of the Bells | Napoleon III invaded Mexico in the "French Intervention" and imposed this man as the second emperor
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| Juarez | He retuned to Mexico City after the execution of Maximilian on the Hill of the Bells and remained president until his death
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