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World History
Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Egyptian writing system | Hieroglyphic symbols that represented words |
| Function of the pyramids | burial tombs |
| Nile river (size and direction) | 4,100 miles long and flows north |
| Purpose of mummification | eternal afterlife after a preserved body |
| What is a fertile crescent? | Shaped piece of a farm land in Iraq that attracted people to permanently settle |
| Who was Hammurabi? What was Hammurabi's code? | Babylonian king 1st written code of law |
| What was Sumer? | 1st known civilization |
| Who were the Aryans? | Indo-Europeans that migrated to india |
| How did Hinduism form? | Collection of beliefs from 1500 B.C.E to present |
| What are the Vedas? | Aryan religious text |
| What is karma? | collection of a souls good and bad deeds |
| How did Buddhism form? | Founder of India (Siddartha) rejected royal life for a life of simplicity |
| What is reincarnation? | belief that a soul is reborn into a new body |
| What is Hellenistic culture? | Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, & Indian culture |
| Explain the government structure of ancient Greece: What is a city state? | Not united politically; each city-state governed itself |
| Describe Athens | Founded basis of western philosophy, Democratic |
| Describe Sparta | Oligarchy, society based on military & aggressive culture |
| What is a republic? | People elect democratic representatives |
| What were Patricians? | landowning wealthy of Roman Republic |
| What were Plebians? | Non-landowners of Roman Republic |
| Who made up the First Triumvirate? | Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompey |
| Who was the first Roman Emperor? | Augustus Caesar |
| Why did the Roman Empire fall? | Progressive economic, political, & military decline from 200 – 500 C.E. |
| What is Byzantium? | Same city: Byzantium / Constantinople / Istanbul. Capital of Byzantine Empire & Eastern Roman Empire |
| Who was Justinian? What was the Justinian Code? | Greatest Byzantium emperor; created Justinian Code (Code of Laws) |
| Why did the Roman Empire split in 330 C.E.? | (1). Byzantium was newer & wealthier (2). Roman Empire was inefficient with one capital |
| What was the Great Schism? | Split of Christian Church into Roman Catholic & Easter Orthodox denominatinos |
| Why did the Christian Church split? | Differences in leaders, practice, & law |
| Following the split, what were the new Christian denominations? | Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox |
| What caused the fall of the Byzantium Empire? | Slavic & Muslim invasion |
| Explain the settlement of Russia? | Slavic farmers & traders / Rus Vikings |
| What impact did the Mongols have on Russia? | Controlled Russia for 300 years; high taxes prevented economic success |
| What is a Czar? | Russian King |
| Who was Ivan III? | 1st Czar of Russia; defeated Mongols |
| Who was Muhammad? | Founder of Islam |
| What is the importance of Mecca? Medina? | Birthplace of Muhammed / Islam; Location after Muhammed’s exile from Mecca |
| What is the Shari’a? | Islamic law governing daily life |
| What is the Ka’ba? | Mecca Shrine / location of Muhhamed’s final revelations / Well of Zam Zam / Black Stone |
| What is the Hijrah? | Celebration of Muhammed’s successful move to Medina |
| What is a caliph? | Worldwide leader of Muslim community (Umma) |
| Who were the Umayyads? | 1st Caliphate; led to 1st Islamic denominations; based in Syria |
| Explain the movement of the Turks | Originated in Central Asia; conquered by Abbasids; then overthrew Abbasid control before moving to & taking over the Byzantines |
| What is a Sultan? What is a Vizier? | Political leader of Ottoman Empire / Special Assistant or Prime Minister of Persia for the Sultan |
| What were the Dark Ages? | 500 – 1000 C.E.; Europe fell apart politically & economically after Rome fell |
| Who were the Franks? | 1st Germanic tribe to Christianize (France & C. Germany) |
| Who were the Vikings? | Scandinavians that invaded into Britain & Continental Europe in search of money & food (led to Feudalism) |
| Know Clovis: | 1st Frankish king to convert to Christianity; forced onto his people |
| What were the Crusades? | European holy wars to take the Holy Land back from Muslim control |
| What was the Magna Carta? | Document that guaranteed: (1). No taxation without representation (2). Equal protection under the law (3). Jury trial |
| What was the Hundred Years War? | Ended Middle Ages; England vs. France; France won |
| What was the impact of the development of the Longbow? | Ended Chivalry; Knights no longer were effective on battlefield |
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Meritajones2015