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USHIST UNIT 5 2018 B
Mr. Stickler's U.S. HIST "Industrialization" Unit Test B flashcards 2018
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List three (3) new inventions made that were mentioned in this unit. | 1. Telephone 2. Railroad locomotives 3. Lightbulb. |
| Who or what are "entrepreneurs"? | "People who risk their capital to organize and run businesses". |
| What was the Morrill Tariff? | A set of tax increases imposed after the Civil War. Taxes tripled by 1865. |
| What was the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and when was it signed? | The Act provided for the construction of a transcontinental railroad by two corporations. (Pgs. 188 & 189) |
| What is a "corporation"? | An organization owned by many people but treated by law as though it were a person. |
| What are "pools"? | This is another name for agreements between companies to keep costs low. |
| What is a "vertically integrated" company? | They own all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation. (Instead of paying other companies for them.) |
| What is a "monopoly"? | When a single company achieves control of an entire market. |
| What is "horizontal integration" where companies are concerned? | "Combining firms in the same business into one large corporation." |
| What is a "holding company"? | "Holding companies that do not produce anything itself. Instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods." |
| What is "deflation"? | "A rise in the value of money." |
| What were the 2 basic types of industrial workers in the U.S. during the 1800's? | Craft workers & common laborers. |
| What is/ was a "blacklist"? | "A list of 'troublemakers' published by an industry so that no one would hire them. |
| What does the term "arbitration" refer to? | "A process in which a 3rd party helps workers and employers reach an agreement." |
| What are two ways that employers tried to stop their employees from joining unions? | 1. Have them take an oath saying that they wouldn't join a union; 2. Have workers sign contracts that stated they would not join a union. |
| What does the term "injunction" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a formal court order that directs a union or other group or business to stop a certain action. (Pg. 205) |
| Which union was the dominant union of the 1800's? | The American Federation of Labor. |
| What were the AFL's 3 main goals? | 1. Convince companies to recognize unions; 2. Push for closed shops; 3. Promotion of an 8 - hour work day. |
| What did railroad managers do to try to break up the Pullman Strike? | They attached U.S. mail cars to the Pullman cars so that - if they refused to handle the Pullman cars, they would be interfering with the U.S. mail, which is a federal offense. |
| What is a "trust"? | "A new way of merging business." |
| What happened during the Haymarket Riot of 1886? | In 1886, people gathered to hear speeches by McCormick Harvesting Machine Company strikers. Police moved in to keep order when speeches ended. Someone threw a bomb that killed 1 officer & wounded 6. Police shot back, about 100 people were injured. |
| What "association" hurt the Knights of Labor's reputation, leading to a decline in membership? | The association between the Knights of Labor and the Haymarket Riot led to this union's decline. |
| Who or what were the Pinkerton Detective Agency? | This was a group of private detectives who were part of a security agency. They were called in to help keep order between strikers & strikebreakers during the Homestead Strike. |
| What happened during the Homestead Strike of 1892? | Steel mill owner by Henry Frick locked the steel mill he owned after proposing a 20% pay cut for employees & bringing in the Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect the building after mill employees picketed in front of the building. |
| What was the main reason that the country was split into 4 time zones in the late 1800's? | This was done to prevent train collisions. |
| How did the development of trains and railroad networks in the late 1800's impact society? | This made it easier and cheaper to move goods and people across the U.S. |
| What does the term "closed shops" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to companies that only hire workers who were union members. (Pg. 206) |
| What does the term "Marxism" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the theory created by Karl Marx that stated "the basic force shaping capitalist society (was) the class struggle between workers and business owners." (Pg. 202) |
| What does the term "industrial union" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "unions which unite(d) all workers in a particular industry". (Pg. 201) |
| What does the term "stock" mean/ refer to as it relates to economics? | This term refers to shares of ownership in certain companies that can be purchased by consumers. (Pg. 194) |
| How does the term "laissez-faire" relate to business and economics? | This term refers to the idea that the government should take a "hands off" approach when it comes to regulating businesses. |
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