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Chapter 23
Civics and Economics chapter 23 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Private Good | goods that, when consumed by one individual, cannot be consumed by another |
| Public Good | economic goods that are consumed collectively, such as highways and national defense |
| Externality | the unintended side effect of an action that affects someone not involved in the action |
| Monopoly | when the market creates a sole provider for a good or service |
| Antitrust Law | legislation to prevent new monopolies from forming and police those that already exist |
| Merger | a combination of two or more companies to form a single business |
| Natural Monopoly | a market situation in which the costs of production are minimized by having a single firm produce the product |
| Recall | situation in which a company pulls a product off the market or agrees to change it to make it safe |
| Real GDP | GDP after adjustments for inflation |
| Business Cycle | Alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes through |
| Civilian Labor Force | all civilians 16 years old or older who are either working or are looking for work |
| Unemployment Rate | the percentage of people in the civilian labor force who are not working but are looking for jobs |
| Fiscal Policy | the federal government's use of spending and taxation policies to affect overall business activity |
| Inflation | sustained increase in the general level of prices |
| Consumer Price Index (CPI) | measure of change in price over time of specific group of goods and services |
| Food Stamps | government coupons that can be used to purchase food |
| Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) | a program that provides help for nutrition and health care to low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 |
| Workfare | programs that require welfare recipients to exchange some of their labor in return for benefits |
| Progressive Income Tax | a tax that takes a larger percentage of higher incomes than lower incomes |
| Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | a program that gives tax credits and even cash payments to qualified workers |