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ch. 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| private good | goods that, when consumed by one individual, cannot be consumed by another |
| public good | economic goods that are consumed collectively, such as highways and national defense |
| externality | the unintended side effect of an action that affects someone not involved in the action |
| monopoly | when the market creates a sole provider for a good or service |
| antitrust law | legislation to prevent new monopolies from forming and police those that already exist |
| merger | a combination of two or more companies to from a single business |
| natural monopoly | a market situation in which the costs of production are minimized by having a single firm produce the product |
| recall | a situation in which the government pulls a product of the shelves |
| real GDP | GDP after adjustments for inflation |
| business cycle | alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes through |
| civilian labor force | all civilians 16 years old or older who are either working or are looking for work |
| unemployment rate | the percentage of people in the civilian labor force who are not working but are looking for jobs |
| fiscal policy | the federal government's use of spending and taxation policies to affect overall business activities |
| inflation | sustained increase in the general level of prices |
| consumer price index | measure of change in price over time of specific groups of goods and services |
| food stamps | government coupons that can be used to purchase goods |
| Women Infants, and Children (WIC) | a program that provides help for nutrition and health care to low-income women, infants, and children under 6 years old |
| workfare | programs that require welfare recipients to exchange some of their labor in return for benefits |
| progressive income tax | a tax that takes a larger percentage of higher income than lower incomes |
| Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | a program that gives tax credits and even payments to workers |