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Eberhard Ch. 10
Eberhard: Ch. 10 Forming a New Government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After the American Revolution, what was the new plan of government called? | The Articles of Confederation |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, where did the power rest? | in the state governments, not the people |
| What was the only branch of government under the Articles of Confederation? | the legislative branch, called Congress |
| What was the governing body of the new nation? | Congress |
| What were three powers of the states under the Articles of Confederation? | States formed their own military, made their own rules and printed their own money. |
| What was one of the only powers of the National Congress? | The National Congress could make laws. |
| What was a weakness of the national government concerning money? | The national government could not collect taxes. They could only request money from the states. |
| Why was the U.S. Constitution written? | to solve the problems of the weak government under the Articles of Confederation |
| Who was the main author of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| What were two main compromises that were needed to write the new Constitution? | the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise |
| What was the Great Compromise? | Congress was divided into two houses: a Senate with each state having equal representation, and a House of Representatives, with each state having representatives based on the state population. |
| Why was the Great Compromise needed? | Small states like New Jersey and large states like Virginia argued over if representation in Congress should be equal for all states or based on state population. |
| What was the 3/5 Compromise? | Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for representation in Congress, but not given any rights or vote. |
| Why was the 3/5 Compromise needed? | Southern states wanted to count their slaves as part of their population so they would have more representation in Congress. |
| What did the Constitutional Convention agree about the slave trade in the 3/5 Compromise? | The slave trade would not be ended for at least 20 years. |
| Under the Constitution, where does the government's power come from? | the people |
| What is federalism? | the system of government in which power is shared between the states and the federal government |
| How is each state represented in the Senate? | Each state has 2 Senators. |
| How is each state represented in the House of Representatives? | The population of each state determines its number of representatives in the House. |
| What are the three branches of government under the Constitution? | the legislative, the executive, and the judicial branches |
| What are checks and balances, and why is it needed? | Checks and balances is a system where each of the branches has separate powers that are balanced by the other branches to be sure that no branch becomes too powerful. |
| What is the legislative branch, and where is it housed? | The legislative branch is the Congress, made up of the House of Representatives and Senate, which is housed at the Capitol building. |
| What is the main job of Congress? | passing laws |
| How does the executive branch limit the power of Congress? | The president can choose to sign bills into law or veto the bills. |
| How can the legislative branch limit the president's power? | The president may also veto a bill, sending it back to Congress. The legislature has the power to check the power of the President by overriding his vetoes with a 2/3 vote. |
| What other powers does Congress have over the executive branch? | The Congress also approves judges whom the president has appointed, and checks the power of the President or judges through impeachment. |
| What is the executive branch, and where is it located? | The president heads the executive branch and lives in the White House. |
| What is the main job of the President? | The President's main job is to carry out (execute) the laws. |
| What power does the President have over the judicial branch, and how does Congress limit this power? | The President picks justices to the Supreme Court and other courts but Congress must agree with these appointments. |
| What is the judicial branch made up of? | The judicial branch includes a system of courts including federal courts and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is made of nine judges who serve for life as long as they are not impeached, or removed from office because of wrongdoing. |
| What is the job of the judicial branch? | The duty of the judicial branch is to judge if laws are being carried out fairly and if they follow the Constitution. |
| How does the Supreme Court check the legislative branch? | The Supreme Court checks the legislative branch by making sure that the laws agree with the Constitution. |
| How are the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution similar and how are they different? | The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution are similar because they both established a government. They are different in their idea of where the power in government rests and in the powers that are given to the national government. |
| What were the names of the two groups of people with different ideas about the new Constitution? | the Federalist Party and the Anti-Federalists |
| Who was the leader of the Federalist party? | Alexander Hamiliton |
| Who made up the Federalists, and what did they believe about government? | Federalists included businessmen, large landowners, and professional people who believed that the country should grow and expand through industry. These Federalists believed in a strong federal government that should be led by educated persons. |
| What did the Anti-Federalists believe about the new Constitution? | The Anti- Federalists thought that the Constitution gave the national government too much power. Anti-Federalists would not approve the Constitution until amendments protecting the rights of the individual were added. |
| What did the Federalists have to promise to do to get all 13 states to ratify the Constitution? | The Federalists had to promise to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. |
| What was the Bill of Rights? | The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments, or additions, that were added to the Constitution. They guarantee the rights of individuals and limit the powers of government. |
| What were some of the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights? | These rights include the freedoms of religion, speech and assembly, the right to bear arms, protection against soldiers being quartered in homes, protection against unfair searches, guarantees of a speedy trial by jury, and prohibits high bail. |
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