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ch20 out of many
chapter 20 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bellamy | a journalist and writer of historical fiction from MA who wrote about a utopian society |
| Point Loma | a city in which Bellamy’s followers recreated his utopian society and lived there by making their own food and clothes |
| Department of Agriculture | estgablishe din 1862 to provide information to farmers and to consumers of farm products |
| Department of Interior | created in 1849 and grew into the largest and most important federal department other than the Post office |
| Department of Treasury | responsible for collecting federal taxes and customs as well as printing money and stamps |
| Interstate Commerce Commission | the 1887 law that expanded federal power over business by prohibiting pooling and discriminatory rates by railroads and establishing the first federal regulatory agency |
| Presidential Elections | Rutehrford B Hayes, James Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Cleveland again |
| William Marcy Tweed | part of the Democratic party of New York |
| Tammany Hall | |
| Michael “Hinky Dink” | |
| Boodle | bribe money through which small political machines ruled cities and rural courthouses |
| Thomas a Jenckes | a republican representative of RI who proposed a bill for civil service reform |
| natvism | favoring the interests and culture of native~born inhabitants over those of immigrants |
| nadir | an era of widespread repression and violence |
| American Protective Association | semisecret organization, a catholic conspiracy, directed by the pope |
| Jim Crow Laws | segregation laws that became widespread in the south during the 1890s |
| segregation | a system of racial control that separated the races, initially by custom but increasingly by law during and after reconstruction |
| Civil Rights Cases | 1883, decisions overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896, court upheld a LA state law formally segregating railroad passenger cars on the basis of the separate but equal doctrine |
| Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education | supreme court decision holding that LA’s railroad segregation law did not violate the constitution as long as the railroads or the state provided equal accommodations |
| Grandfather Clauses | rules that required potential voters to demonstrate that their grandfathers had been eligible to vote; used in some southern states after 1890 to limit the black electorate |
| poll taxes | taxes imposed on voters as a requirement for voting |
| Court Justice John Marshall Harlan | lone dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson, lamented that the Court’s majority rulings gave power the states |
| Alex Manly | young black newspaper writer struck back by writing an editorial challenging a cornerstone of white supremacist ideology |
| Wilmington massacre | when 12 blacks where shot down at a crowd gathering around Manly’s newspaper office which was being burned down |
| Ida B. Wells | young editor of a black newspaper in Memphis, denounced lynching and was forced out of Tennessee. |
| National Association of Colored Women | founded in 1896, provided a home for black women activists who had been excluded from white women’s clubs |
| Thomas E. Watson | champion of interracial unity, was son of cotton farmer |
| Columbian Exposition | Commemorated 400th anniversary of Columbus’s landing, opened in Chicago less than 2 months after economy collapsed. |
| Midway Plaisance | strip mile long was a slideshow of recreated Turkish bazaars and South Sea island huts |
| Josiah Strong | a social gospeler, a congregational minister who had begun his career trying to convert Indians, provided a timely synthesis |
| Good Neighbor policy | coined by Henry Clay in 1820 and worked by James G. Blaine |
| Naval War College | set up in 1884 to train the officer corps |
| Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan | wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon American History, 1660~1874 |
| John L. Steven | American diplomat stationed in Hawaii and wired Washington that it was ready to be annexed |
| John Hay | proclaimed the open door policy which he outlined that the U.S. got right to advance its commercial interest anywhere in the world |
| Harmonious Righteous Fists | antiforeign secret society who rioted repeatedly in 1898 and 1899 known as the Boxer Rebellion |
| Women’s Relief Corps | raised money and sent food and medical supplies to U.S. military camps |
| Platt Amendment | sponsored by Senator Orville H. Platt in 1901, Cuba was required to provide land, devote national revenues to pay back debt, sign no treaty that would harm U.S. interests, acknowledge right of U.S. to intervene at anytime, lasted until 1902 |
| Cuban~American Treaty of 1903 | remained in place until 1934 and paved way for American domination of island’s sugar industry and contributed to anit~American sentiments in Cuba |
| George Dewey | Civil War veteran who commanded the American Asiatic Squadron |
| Anti~Imperialistic League | founded by small group of Bostonians |