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ch6 out of many
chapter 6 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Continental Congress | a congress of twelve colonial assemblies elected fifty six delegates to map out a coordinate response |
| Seven years war | Britain allied with Prussia against the combined might of France, Austria, and Spain. Decided the future of the land between Appalachian mountains and Mississippi river |
| Iroquois Confederacy | British wanted to make an alliance with them because they had many other connections with other tribes and they wouldn’t be able to fight them off if they went to the French side. Iroquois did not make the alliance. |
| Benjamin Franklin’s Plan of Union | plan put forward in 1754 calling for an intercolonial union to manage defense and Indian affairs. The plan was rejected by participants at the Albany congress |
| Benjamin Franklin | was appointed by the British government as deputy postmaster general for all of North America and charged with improving intercoloinal communication and commerce |
| Three principal flash points of Conflict in NA | Conflict also occurred on the border region between New France and New York France ceded to Acadia which was now owned by England |
| Forks of Ohio River | series of forts funning south from Lake Erie to the junction of the Allegheny and the Monongahela rivers |
| Colonel George Washington | a young militia officer sent by the governor of Virginia to expel the French from the region granted to the ohio company had been force to surrender his troops to a French force |
| General Edward Braddock | was sent with two Irish regiments to capture Fort Duquesne but was destroyed by a small number of French. It was followed by the seven years war |
| French and Indian war | the last of the Anglo~French colonial wars (1754~1763) and the first in which fighting began in North America. The war ended with France’s defeat |
| Cajuns | French speaking farmers of Acadia who lived peacefully under british rule and were kicked out of Acadia during 7year war. They dispersed along atlantic ending up in Louisiana |
| William Pitt | enthusiastic advocate of British expansion, became prime minister of Great Britain |
| Louisburg | captured in july 1758 by British, it allowed them to penetrate St.Lawrence Valley |
| Fort Pitt | was originally Fort Duquesne but renamed it after the prime minister after it was captured from the French. Modern name is Pittsburg |
| Quebec | heart of French Canada |
| Treaty of Paris | formal end to British hostilities against France and Spain in February 1763 |
| General Jeffery Amherst | British military governor of the western region |
| Neolin | an Indian visionary (the enlightened on in Algonquian) to whom the Ohio Indians when to and he preached that the Europeans were corrupting their way. Known as Delaware prophet to the Europeans |
| Ottawa chief of Pontiac | principal leader of the resistance created by Neolin |
| Fort Michilimackinac | at the narrows between Lake Michigan and Huron |
| Royal Proclamation of 1763 | Royal proclamations setting the boundary known as the Proclamation line. Land to the West of Appalachians was Indian Coutnry |
| Paxton Boys | mob of Pennsylvanians known as them who butchered twenty Indian men, women, children at village of Conestoga |
| Vermont | northern Green Mountain district |
| West Virginia and Tennessee | pioneer communities created by crossing over the first range of Appalachians in VA an NC |
| Treaty of Hard labor | in 1768 Cherokees ceded a vast tract on the waters of the upper Tennessee River |
| Treaty of Fort Stanwix | same year as above, Iroquois gave up their claim to the Ohio Valley hoping thereby to deflect English settlement away from their homeland |
| John Murray | Earl of Dunmore and Virginia governor. Provoked frontier war with Shawnees. Became known as Dunmore’s War |
| John Peter Zenger | NYC editor was indicted for seditious libel after printing antigovernment articles |
| Whigs | the name used by advocates of colonial resistance to British measures during the 1760s and 1770s |
| Republicanism | a complex, changing body of ideas, values, and assumptions, closely related to country ideology, that influenced American political behavior during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries |
| Sugar Act | law passed in 1764 to raise revenue in the American colonies. It lowered the duty from 6 pence to 3 pence per gallon on foreign molasses imported into the colonies and increased the restrictions on colonial commerce |
| James Otis Jr. | Mass. lawyer, was one first Americans to strike number of themes that would be familiar over the next 15 years |
| Stamp Act | tax required the purchase of specially embossed paper for al newspapers, legal documents, licenses, insurance policies, ships papers, and even dices and playing cars |
| Virtual representation | notion that parliamentary members represented the interests of the nation as a whole, not those of the particular district that elected them. |
| Actual representation | the practice whereby elected representatives normally reside in their districts and are directly responsive to local interests. |
| Patrick Henry | passionate young lawyer who pushed through the Virginia stamp act resolution through the Virginia assembly |
| Loyall Nine | group of men including Samuel Adams and a friend of James Otis. |
| Liberty Tree | old elm tree where a large Boston crowd assembled on August 14, 1765 and vandalized Andrew Oliver( stamp distributor) ‘s office and home |
| Andrew Oliver | a Boston stamp distributor and whose brother in law is Governor Thomas Hutchinson, leader of conservatives. |
| Nonimportation movement | a tactical means of putting economic pressure n Britain by refusing to buy its exports to the colonies |
| Declaratory Act | law passed in 1776 to accompany repeal of the Stamp Act that stted that Parliament had the authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” |
| Charles Townshend | became the Chancellor of the Exchequer after William Pitt fell ill and had to retire. |
| Revenue Acts | acts of parliament, passed in 1767, imposing duties on colonial tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass |
| John Dickinson | wealthy Philadelphia lawyer who wrote letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania |
| Daughter of Liberty | groups of women organized spinning and weaving bees to produce homespun for local consumption |
| Francis Bernard | Massachusetts governor who condemned the document for stirring up rebellion and dissolved the legislature. |
| Lord Hillsborough | secretary of state for the colonies, who ordered each governor in America to dissolve his colony’s assemblies if it should endorse the letter. |
| Sons of liberty | secret organizations in the colonies formed to oppose the Stamp Act |
| Thomas Hutchinson | governor of Mass. told the soldiers that were involved in the Boston massacre to leave for their safety |
| Boston Massacre | after months of increasing friction between townspeople and the British troops stationed in the city, on March 5, 1770, British troops fired on American civilians in Boston |
| Tea Act of 1773 | act of parliament that permitted the East India Company to sell through agents in America without paying the duty customarily collected in Britain, thus reducing the retail price. |
| Boston Pamphlet | a series of declarations written by Samuel Adams and other radicals, concluding that British encroachments on colonial rights pointed to a plot to enslave Americans. |
| Boston Tea Party | incident that occurred on December 16, 1773, in which Bostonians , disguised as Indians, destroyed 10000 euros worth of tea belonging to the British East India Company in order to prevent payment of the duty on it. |
| Coercive Acts | also called the Intolerable Acts~ legislation passed by parliament in 1774; included the Boston Port Act, the Mass. Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act of 1774 |
| Boston Port Bill | prohibited the loading and unloading of ships in any part of the Boston Harbor until the town fully compensated the East India company for the tea |
| Mass. Government Act | annulled the colonial charter: delegates to the upper house would no longer be elected by the assembly. |
| Administration of Justice Act | protected British officials from colonial courts, thereby encouraging them to vigorously pursue the work of suppression. |
| Quartering Act | legalized the housing of troops at public expense, not only in taverns and abandoned buildings, but in occupied dwellings and private homes as well. |
| Quebec Act | the British authorized a permanent government for the territory taken from France during the seven years war. |
| Committees of Correspondence | committees formed in Mass. and other colonies in the pre~Revolutionary period to keep Americans informed about British measures that would affect the colonies |
| Thomas Gage | arrived in Boston to replace Hutchinson as governor. |
| First Continental Congress | meeting of delegates from most of the colonies help in 1774 in response to the Coercive Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, adopted the Declaration of Right and Grievances, and agreed to establish the Continental Association. |
| Declaration and Resolves | in which they asserted that all the colonist sprang from common tradition and enjoyed rights guaranteed by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the English constitution and the several charters or compacts of their provinces. |
| Committee of Safety | any of the extralegal committees that directed the revolutionary movement and carried on the functions of government at the local level in the period between the breakdown of royal authorities and the establishment of regular governments. |
| Minute men | special companies of militia formed in Mass. and elsewhere beginning in late 1744 |
| Second continental congress | May 10, 1775, included the 12 colonies of North America and later included Georgia |
| George Washington | was nominated to be commander~in~chief of all Continental forces, and was elected by unanimous vote. |
| Oliver Branch Petition | written by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania, in which they professed their attachment to King George and begged him to prevent further hostilities so that there might be an accommodation |
| General William Howe | replaced Gage |
| Common Sense | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, was the single most important piece of writing during the Revolutionary era. |
| Declaration of Independence | the document by which the Second Continental Congress announced and justified its decision to renounce the colonies allegiance to the British government. Written by Thomas Jefferson |
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