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ch5 out of many
chapter 5 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reverend John Williams | taken with wife and seven children, two of whom were killed, to Canada by Canadian French and Indian allies. Wrote a book about his experience |
| The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion | William’s published book about his accounts as a captive |
| Kahnawake | a community of Catholic Indians near Montreal who adopted Williams son. It was founded in 17th century by Jesuit missionaries as refuge for Iroqouis converts. |
| New Spain | a viceroyalty which was the largest and most prosperous European colony on the North American continent |
| Mexico City | administrative capital of New Spain, and was the most sophisticated city in the Western Hemisphere, the site of one of the world’s great universities. |
| Florida | the oldest of the European colonies in North America |
| Presidios | military post on the fringes of Louisianna |
| Father Eusebio Kino | led the Jesuit missionaries to build missions among the desert Indians of the lower Colorado River. |
| Gaspar de Portola | governor of Baja who along with Junipero Serra extended the Spanish presence northward |
| Juan Bautista de Anza | in 1776 he led a colonizing expedition that founded the pueblo of San Francisco |
| Los Angeles | was founded in 1781 by a group of mestizo pioneers |
| San Gabriel | was one of the most prosperous missions, with large vineyards and orchards. |
| Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin | French prime ministers who laid out a Catholic imperial policy under which the colonists were suppose to construct a second catholic empire in North America. |
| Louisbourg on Ile Royale( cape Breton island) | port and fortress constructed by the French to guard the northern approach to New France |
| Habitants | communities of farmers that stretched along the banks of the St.Lawrence River |
| Long lots | stretched back from the river, they provided each family a share of good bottomland to farm and frontage on the waterway, the interstate highway system of the French crescent |
| New England Religion | all local communities in New England except R.I. were governed by Puritan congregations each under the guidance of their General Court. |
| Puritans | they banned Anglicans and Baptist and executed members of the Society of Friends. |
| Toleration Act | act passed in 1661 by King Charles 2 ordering a stop to religious persecution in Mass. |
| New York | Included Dutch of Flatbush, Huguenots of New Rochelle, Flemish of Bergen County, and the Scots of Perth Amboy. |
| Delawares and Shawnees | Indian tribes who had been pushed back into the interior and to whom the settlers presented a threat to |
| Southeastern Pennsylvania | became known as the breadbasket of the North America |
| Journeymen | young men who are looking for jobs at stores but have to go migrate to another area to find it |
| Ann Smith Franklin | Benjamin’s sister~in~law took over the operation of her husband’s Rhode Island shop after his death. |
| Cotton Mather | a puritan minister who praised Hannah Dustin who killed 9 Indians to escape her captors. |
| Engages | Catholic immigrants to New France |
| Plantation Act | passed in 1740, continued to prohibit the naturalization of Catholic and Jewish immigrants |
| Law of 1750 | law passed by Pennsylvania preventing the overcrowding of ships filled with indentured servants |
| Encomienda | in the Spanish colonies, the grant to a Spanish settler of a certain number of Indian subjects, who would pay him tribute in goods and labor. |
| Espanoles or gente de razon(meaning people of liberty) | were at the top of the social ladder. |
| Castas | person of mixed background |
| Strolling poor | homeless people who traveled from town to town looking for work or handouts |
| French Canada | ruled by superior council including the royal governor, the intendent, and the bishop of Quebec. |
| Democracy | to educated British colonist, it implied rule by the mob, the normal order o things turned upside~down. |
| Enlightenment | intellectual movement stressing the importance of reason and the existence of discoverable natural laws. |
| John Locke | articulated a philosophy of reason in proposing that the state existed to provide for the happiness and security of individuals. |
| New England Primer | written in 1689 one of the more influential books ever printed in America, was part of the most successful literacy campaign in history |
| Almanac | a combination calendar, astrological guide, and sourcebook of medical advice and farming tips. |
| Bible | the best~selling book in colonial era |
| Halfway covenant | plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership, allowing children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion |
| Saybrook Platform | enacted a system of governance by councils of ministers and elders rather than by congregations. |
| Congregationalist | members of puritan churches governed by congregations |
| Calvinist theology of predestination | belief that god has predestined certain individuals to be saved and other to be damned. |
| Arminianism | idea that god had given people the freedom to choose salvation by developing their faith and by doing good works. |
| River gods | wealthy landowners of the Connecticut valley |
| George Whitefield | an evangelical Anglican minister from England who in 1738 mad the first of several tours of the colonies |
| William Tennent | an evangelical preacher who established a school in Pennsylvania which later was changed to Princeton University. Est. 1746 |
| Great Awakening | North American religious revival in the middle of the 18th century |
| New Lights | people who experienced conversion during the revivals of the Great Awakening |
| Old Lights | religious faction that condemned emotional enthusiasm as part of the heresy of believing in a personal and direct relationship with god outside the order of the church. |
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