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US History
Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 1400-1500
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the new immigrants? | Hunters and Gatherers |
| The development of what, by Native Americans more than five thousnad years ago sparked new culture and innovations? | Agriculture |
| Some of the first sedentary societies of North America were created by whom? | Groups known as the Mound Builders |
| The Mississippian culture flrouished after the Mound Builders and expanded their what? | Settlements and Trading Network |
| Where did the Pueblo people creat complex irrigation systems to water their cornfields? | In The Rio Grande Valley |
| In what is now the northeastern United States, Whom compromised of five Indian nations? | The Iroquois Confederacy |
| Many Native American groups developed sophisticated what that allowed them to take full advantage of the land and make the most out of the time and effort they put into their agricultural work? | Planting Techniques |
| Who was the largest political and military organization east of the Mississippi River? | The Iroquois League of Five Nations |
| When did the Aztecs settled on the site of present-day Mexico City? | 14th century |
| Where does the climate varie from cold mountain peaks to steamy rain forests? | In South America |
| Their well organized political structure and close-knit hierarchical society enabled the Incas to become what? | The largest civilization in South America by 1500 |
| The majority of the Native Americans that inhabited South and North America respected their land and often paid tribute to whom? | To Gods |
| When did Europeans know little, if anything, about the existence of the Americas? | During the Middle Ages |
| In Europe, territorial battles between who dominated much of the period between the 11th and 14th centuries? | Christians and Muslims |
| The invention of the what made sharing information much easier? | Printing Press |
| Who became caught up and read many books on navigation and geography? | Christopher Columbus |
| What was Christopher Columbus seeking? | Support |
| When did the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria set sail from Palos in southern Spain? | On August 3, 1492 |
| Who led a party ashore, drove a flag into the ground, and called the new land San Salvador (Holy Savior)? | Christopher Columbus |
| Christopher Columbus's initial voyage to America did what to the appetities of many European countries? | Whetted |
| When was Hernan Cortes commisioned by the governor of Cuba to expand the Spanish empire into Mexico? | In 1519 |
| During his journey to Mexico, Who encountered an Indian slave named Malinche? | Cortes |
| As Cortes approached Tentochtitlan, Who sent diplomats to meet the Spaniards with gifts? | Emperor Montezuma II |
| When were the Aztec people, weary of their servile status and angry at Montezuma for his failure to protect them? | In 1520 |
| Whose empire grew rapidly after the fall of the Aztecs? | The Spanish Empire |
| When did Europe experience radical economic and social changes? | between the 11th and 14th centuries |
| Why did many people move from the country to the city? | So they could have more oppertunities to make a living |
| What kind of changes further stimulate the growth of commerce? | Economic |
| What also advanced the growth of commerce in Europe? | Uniform Printed Documents, Including Sales Receipts and Licenses |
| What coincided with the rise of mercantilism? | The founding of the colonies in the New World |
| What was on of the first countries to embrace mercantilism in America? | Spain |
| Who also embraced mercantilism as they entered the race for American colonies? | The English |
| What employed by Parliment was an immediate success? | This Protective Navigation System |
| What prompted the development of better navigational tools? | The explosion of trade oppertunities in Europe |
| What were the most popular equipment used by seafaring explorers of the Middle Ages? | The Compass, The Astrolabe, and The Cross Staff |
| Other popular equipment used by seafaring explorers of the Middle Ages included what? | The Quadrant, The Chip board, and The Hourglass |
| What triggered innovations in shipbuilding during the Middle Ages? | The age of exploration and lengthy sea voyages |
| What type of ship had sails similar to those of the caravel? | The Carrack |
| What was the most heavily armed merchant ship in the period? | The Spanish Galleon |
| What helped transform medieval Europe into unified nation-states? | The spread of Capitalism and the social and economic chaos that accompanied the decline of feudalism |
| Why did citizens pay taxes in exchange for the services of professional armies raised by the new monarchs? | To assure the safety of their families and livelihoods |
| Who began to rule the House of Avis around the year 1400? | John I |
| What helped Portugal create a trading network that encompassed several continents? | A stable monarchy, an expanded navy |
| What happened after the unification of Portugal? | The rest of the Iberian Peninsula was politically consolidated following the marriage of cousins |
| Who established the ruthless inquisition, which expelled or executed thousands of jews and muslims? | Ferdinand and Isabella |
| Where did Herny VII establish the Tudor Dynasty in 1485? | In Medieval Europe |
| What did England control much of during the Hundred Years War? | France |
| What year was Columbus's famed voyage? | 1492 |
| Columbus and the later explorers discovered? | A land unlike anything they had experienced |
| In return, Columbus and subsequent European travelers introduced the Americas to many what? | Old World Foods and Animals |
| What was generally well received by people of both worlds? | The exchange of plants and animals |
| What did European voyagers bring back with them? | Pathogens that caused smallpox, measles, whooping cough, influenza, scarlet fever, and diphtheria |
| What did columbus's return from the New World Create? | An abundance of activity throughtout Europe |
| What was a common motivator that sometimes drove the explorers to perform heinous acts against the Native Americans? | The Lust For Gold |
| Who was the first known European explorer to set foot on what became the united States? | Juan Ponce de Leon |
| How did the King os Spain honor Ponce de Leon? | With a knighthood and named him governor of Florida |
| In what year did another Spanish explorer, Frnsisco Vasquez de Coronado, begin a terk through what is now the southwestern United States in search of the fabled treasures of the Seven Cities of Cibola? | In 1540 |
| During the same period that Coronado ventured through the Southwest, whom landed in Florida and explored the southeastern portion of the present-day United States? | Hernando de Soto |
| In what year did de Soto become strickened with a fever and die near Natchez? | In May 1542 |
| As Spain's control of the New World spread across the land, so did what fo the conquistador's cruel behavior toward the Indians? | The Rumors |
| What intriged French rulers? | Stories of the New World |
| What were French Huguenots faced with? | Severe Percution |
| In what year did King Henry IV bring an end to the French wars of religion? | In 1603 |
| What did the French government take advantage of? | THe popularity of Fur, Paritculary Beaver Pelts which were prominently displayed on hats, clothing, and accessories |
| Who also played a key role in the New World exploration? | French Missionaries |
| What did each mission typically include? | A chapel for religious services |
| What was the mission land typically given to? | The converted Indians |
| When did a Native Leader named Pope organize a massive rebellion? | In 1680 |
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