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Path 2 Bone Disorder
Doc. T
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bone vs Cartilage vascularity | Cartilage avascular-diffusion |
| Disc & nucleus polposis make up | Disc=fibrocartilage&sm amount of ground sub. Nuc Polposis=ground substance-loves water |
| Which type of cell synthesizes the Organic bone matrix (osteoid) | osteoblasts |
| Which type of cell synthesizes the intial template of long and irregular bones that is replaced | chondroblasts, cartilage forming cells |
| Collagen forming cells | fibroblasts |
| Volkmann's canals are oriented | transversely |
| haversian systems (osteons) are oriented | horizontally |
| Mature long bones marrow is mostly | fat, not making blood cells |
| Active bone marrow is found in the | epiphyses, irregular bones, flat bones (where RBCs are being made) |
| Osteoclasts resorb_______ because _______, _________ | bone to remodel and calcium |
| Which hormone Increases osteoclast activity thus decrease Blood Calcium | calcitonin |
| PTH _____osteoclast activity, ___ blood calcium | increase, increase |
| It is important to build bone mass before age___ | 40 |
| Osteoid(organic bone matrix) constitutes ___% of bone of which 90% is type __ ________ | type 1 collagen |
| The remaining 65% of bone is ______, composed of _____________ | inorganic mineral, Calcium, Hydroxyapatite Crystals |
| __% of the body's calcium is in bone? | 99% |
| Collagen is a fat?protein?carb? | Protein |
| PTH manages _____ _____ in the blood | calcium levels |
| Parathyroid gland exhibits a _____________ on their surface | Calcium sensor |
| When is the Calcium sensor INACTIVE? | when blood calcium levels are LOW -PTH is not inhibited |
| PTH activates _______, increases ___________ of calcium, stimulates __________ | osteoclasts, kidne reabsorption of calcium, activation of Vit. D3 |
| Vitamin D3 enhances gut absorption of | Calcium |
| if you skipped lunch and calcium is low, | PTH is secreted and increases osteoclasts activity and kidney conserves ca2+ & activate Vit D3 |
| Calcium's job is | to activate enzymes |
| syndactyly definition | fused digits-soft tissues or bones |
| polydactyly definition | more digits |
| brachydactyly definition | short digits |
| Achondroplasia definition | bones could have stopped growing (dwarfisim), Fibroblast growth factor R mutation, carried by father |
| Mutations in a signal molecule or matrix constituents | dysplasias |
| Bone mass hyper activation | osteopetrosis |
| Bone mass inactivation of LRP-5 | osteoporosis |
| In achondroplasias, what is not affected | skull because it grown intramembranously |
| Osetogenesis imperfecta is abnormality of | type 1 collagen synthesis |
| Weak bones prone to fracture an deformity | osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Autosomal dominant defective PROTOcollagen strands | Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Albers-Schonberg disease is = | Osteopetrosis, marble bone disease |
| Osteopetrosis is a defect in which cell function | osteoclast, decrease bone resorption, decrease carbonic anhydrase |
| T or F, in osteopetrosis bones are brittle and fracture easily | True! No remodeling to lamellar bone (stupid bone) |
| Crainial nerve pulsey , anemia (decrease marrow sp) | osteopetrosis |
| Most severe form of osteopetrosis | infantile malignant osteopetrosis |
| Osteomalacia is | inadequate availability of Vit D |
| Some causes of secondary osteoporosis | long term use of Corticosteroid (asthma, COPD, inflammation,RA, Ulcer Colitis, chron's) hyperParathyroidism… |
| decreased quantity of matrix | osteoporosis |
| Osteoporosis Vs Osteomalacia problem with bone: | quantity vs quality |
| Osteoporosis is an imblance btw | osteoblast and osteoclasts |
| Failure to achieve maximal peak of bone mass in the _____________ results in a tendency to osteoporosis later in life | mid to late 20s! |
| in osteoporosis, which is most affected cancellous or cortical bone | cancellous bone is more affected |
| Cancer of the plasma cells (bone marrow cancer) | multiple myeloma (causes osteoporosis) |
| Where is multiple myeloma seen | skull and illium |
| B lymphocytes make plasma cells which make | antibodies |
| Decreases bone resoption by osteoclasts | calcitonin |
| Vitamin D3 levels should be 31 (better 80-100) | |
| How to prepare for succesful aging? | calcium, vitamin D3, Magnesium, reduce carbonated beverages*, Weight bearing exercise, Estrogen treatments |
| Osteomalacia in children | rickets |
| defective mineralization of the osteoid bone matrix , poorly mineralized matrix | Osteomalacia/rickets |
| Deficiency in D3 or Sun can result in | Osteomalacia/rickets |
| Wide epiphyseal plates and rachitic rosary is seen in Rickets? | |
| Rugger jersey, prominent subendplate densistis is due to what? Is seen in ? | rOsteoblastic activity "reflex", hyperparathyroidism |
| In HyperParaThyroidism, which is most affected cancellous or cortical bone | Cortical bone more affected-->cortical thinning and Osteopaenia |
| In HyperParaThyroidism, as the bone Thins, hemorrhages occur, macrophages infiltrate What can be Seen? | Brown Tumors |
| Rugger jersey, Brown tumor are associated with | HyperParathyroidism |
| Osteitis deformans is also known as | pagets disease |
| Pagets Disease cause | unknown, osteocalst function problem |
| Three stages of Pagets disease | osteolytic, mixed, osteosclerotic stage |
| 1st stage osteolytic : | increased osteoclastic activity |
| 2nd stage Mixed: | mixed osteoclast-blast activity and END w/ mostly Osteoblastic |
| 3rd stage Osetoscerortic stage: | "Burned out". No cellular activity thus Abnormal lamellar bone "mosaic bone" |
| "Mosaic" bone in Pagets, is structurally | weak and prone to fracture |
| Which conditions have nerve entrapments | Osteopetrosis and Pagets |
| Hyperostosis in Pagets is | nerve entrapment, tibial bowing, skull enlargment, facial bone coarsening |
| Leontiasis ossea, seen in pagets, is | facial bone coarsening |
| Pagets occurs in what ages | older adults |
| T or F, in 85% of cases of pagets are monostotic (involve one bone) | F, 85% polyostotic, 15% monostotic *MOST cases are mild and asymptomatic |
| What are the 3 stages of fracture healing? | Inflammatory, Reparative, Remodeling |
| fracture healing, what occurs in the inflammatory stage | Preparation of healing environment, Hemorrhage&necrotic tissue clean up, Differentiation of new osteoblasts&clasts… |
| In the inflammatory stage of fracture healing, which cell would prepare healing environment | neutrophils |
| Where do the new osteoblast in the late inflammatory stage come from? | The endosteum |
| What occurs in the reparatie stage of fracture healing? | formation of cartilagenous template (endochondral growth) and then replaced with Woven bone |
| What occurs in the last stage (remodeling stage) | Remodeling to LAMELLAR bone |
| What is required in order to achieve the remodeling stage of fractures | weight bearing |
| Order of fracture healing: Hematoma---> cartilagenous templater-->__________-->_________ | woven bone--> lamellar bone |
| AVN results in _____% of scaphoid fractures and involves the _______pole | 15-30%, proximal pole |
| AVN of femoral head is | legg-calve-perthese disease |
| Bilater AVN of femur heads can be seen in | divers |
| Osteomyelitis vs osteomacia | bacterial infection of bone |
| where does infection in osteomyelitis usually start | in the bone marrow |
| the 3 ways that bacteria can reach bone | hematogenous, direct extension, trauma |
| what is sequestrum | piece of necrotic bone |
| what is an abscess in bone | Occurs as a specific type of osteomyelitis may contain a sequestrum (brodie's abscess) |
| Brodie's abscess occurs in | subacute osteomyelitis |
| What is an involucrum | new bone and fibrous tissue that forms around a sequestrum |
| what is Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis | chronic osteomyelitis with excess new bone formation |
| what is a significant causative agent of osteomyelitis | staphlococcus aureus, TB, Joint replacements, Sicklecell anemia |
| TB of the spine | pott's disease |
| T or F, Most tumors of bone are Asymptomatic | True, often incidental finding |
| Which type of Primary tumor is MC, Bening vs malignant | Benign! Malignant most often seen in older pt |
| 3 MC bone tumors | osteogenic, chondrogenic, fibrogenic |
| Osteoid ostema and osteblastoma are what types of tumors | osteogenic benign |
| enchondroma, chondroblastoma, osteochondroma are what type of tumors | chondrogenic benign |
| Fibrous cortical defect is what type of tumor | benign fibrogenic tumor |
Created by:
kfrancis
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