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Chapter 17
Vovabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tariff of 1842 | Protective measure passed by Congressional Whigs, raising tariffs to pre-Compromise of 1833 rates. Passed by President John Tyler during Harrison's presidential term. |
| Caroline | Diplomatic row between the US and Britain. Developed after British troops set fire to an American steamer carrying supplies across the Niagara River to Canadian insurgent, during Canada's short-lived insurrection. |
| Creole | American ship captured by a group of rebelling Virginia slaves. The slaves successfully sought asylum in the Bahamas, raising fears among Southern Planters that the British West Indies would become a safe haven for runaway slaves. |
| Aroostook War | Began in 1839, was a series of clashes between American and Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed territory of Northern Maine, resolved when a permanent boundary was agreed upon in 1842. |
| Manifest Destiny | Belief that the US was destined by God to spread its "empire of liberty" across North America. Served as a justification for mid-nineteenth-century expansionism. |
| "Fifty-four forty or fight" | Slogan adopted by mid-nineteenth-century expansionists who advocated the O.T., jointly held by Britain and US. Though Pres. Polk had pledged to seize all of Oregon, to 54* 40', he settled on the forty-ninth parallel as a compromise with the British. |
| Liberty party | Antislavery party that ran candidates in the 1840 and 1844 elections before merging with the Free Soil Party. Supporters of the Liberty party sought the eventual abolition of slavery, but in short term |
| Walker Tariff | The Walker Tariff was a set of tariff rates adopted by the US in 1845.It was enacted by the Democrats, and made substantial cuts in the high rates of the Tariff of 1842, enacted by the Whigs. Based on Robert J. Walker, Secretary of Treasury. |
| spot resolutions | The resolutions requested President James K. Polk to provide Congress with the exact location (the "spot") upon which blood was spilled on American soil, as Polk had claimed in 1846 when asking Congress to declare war on Mexico. |
| California Bear Flag Republic | Short-lived California republic, established by local American settlers who revolted against Mexico. Once news of the war with Mexico reached the Americans, they abandoned the Republic in favor of joining the US. |
| Battle of Buena Vista | key American victory against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War. Elevated General Zachary Taylor to national prominence and helped secure his success in the 1848 presidential election. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Ended the with Mexico. Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest Texas to Oregon in exchange for $18.25 million in cash and assumed debts. |
| Conscience Whigs | Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral grounds. Conscience Whigs sought to prevent the annexation of Texas as a slave state, fearing that the new slave territory would only serve to buttress the Southern "slave power." |
| Wilmot Proviso | Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico.Introduced by Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot, the failed amendment ratcheted up tensions between North and South over the issue of slavery. |
| John Tyler | John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States. He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate's death in April 1841. |
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