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CMS - 8th History
Key Terms in American History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolitionist | movement to end slavery. |
| Amend | the process of changing the Constitution. |
| American System | 1815 plan to make U.S. economically self-sufficient. |
| Anti-Federalist | people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | where the South finally surrendered during the Civil War. |
| Assimilation | the process of blending into society. |
| Bacon’s Rebellion | (1676) revolt against colonial authority. |
| Balance of power | the distribution of power between the 3 branches of government. |
| Bank War | (1829-1830) attack by President Jackson on national bank. |
| Battle of the Alamo | (1836) battle between Texans and Mexican army. |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | (1794) conflict between Indian and colonist over control of the Northwest Territory. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | (1863) ended the South’s hopes of winning a battle in the North. |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | (1775) first battles of the American Revoulution. |
| Battle of Yorktown | (1781) last major campaign of the American Revolution. |
| Battles of Saratoga | (1777) turning point of the American Revolution. |
| Bleeding Kansas | conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery people in Kansas, 1854-1859 |
| Blockade | when goods are prevented from going into or out of an area |
| Boston Masssacre | (1770) conflict between British and colonist |
| Boston Tea Part | (1773) protest by colonist in which they dumped tea into Boston Harbor |
| Boycott | a refusal to buy certain goods |
| California Gold Rush | (1849) migration of people to the area after gold was discovered |
| Cash Crop | a crop grown to be sold rather than used by the farmer |
| Charter | a contract given to someone to establish a colony. |
| Checks and Balances | each of three branches of government limits the power of the others |
| Columbian Exchange | the movement of plants, goods, and diseases between the New World and Europe |
| Compromise of 1877 | ended Reconstruction |
| Confederacy | the southern states who seceded |
| Confederation Congress | first U.S. government |
| Constituents | the people who vote for a member of government |
| Constitutional Convention | (1787) the meeting of people that agreed on the constitution |
| Continental Army | military of the colonists |
| Continental Congress | the group of leaders that governed the colonies during the Am. Rev. |
| Cotton Gin | (1795) invention by Eli Whitney that made processing cotton much easier |
| Crittenden Plan | (1861) plan that might have prevented secession |
| Cumberland Gap | was the principal route through the Appalachian Mts. |
| Democratic-Republicans | political party formed by Jefferson and Madison. |
| Doctrine of nullification | ideas that states had the right to reject any law passed Congress. |
| Due process of law | everyone is entitled to be treated equally by law. |
| Electoral college | a group of voters chosen be each state to elect the President and Vic-Pres. |
| Embargo | prevents ships from entering or leaving ports. |
| Erie Canal | (1825) waterway connected Great Lakes to New York City. |
| Executive branch | that President and his cabinet. |
| Factory system | method of building goods that included many workers and machines working in one place. |
| Federalism | a system of sharing power between tha states and the national government. |
| Foreign policy | relations with governments of other countries. |
| Fort Sumter | beginning of the Civil War. |
| Freedman’s Bureau | federal agency set up to help former slaves in the south. |
| Free enterprise system | an economic system that has few government restrictions. |
| Free-Soil Party | political party formed in 1846 to stop the spread of slavery. |
| French and Indian War | (1754-1763) world-wide war between France and England. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Puritan plan of government in Connecticut in 1639. |
| Great Awakening | religious revival, 1730-1740. |
| Great Compromise | agreement reached during the constitutional convention that created the American system of government. |
| Habeas Corpus | no one can held by the government without cause. |
| Harpers Ferry | (1859) slave revolt. |
| Impeachment | the process of accusing a government official of wrongdoing. |
| 6indentured servant | someone who agreed to work for an employer in exchanger for passage to the New World. |
| Individual Rights | a personal liberty guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. |
| Industrialization | an economy begins to be based on factories instead of farming |
| Jacksonian Democracy | the idea that as many people as possible should be able to vote. |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in the New World in 1607. |
| Judicial branch | the supreme court. |
| Judicial Review | the idea that the Supreme Court has the right to review all laws made by Congress. |
| King Philip’s War | war between Puritans and Indians,1675-1676 |
| Legislative Branch | the House of Representatives and the Senate: the branch that makes the laws. |
| Lewis and Clark expedition | group that explored the lands of the Louisiana purchase. |
| Limited Government | everyone, even elected officials, must obey the laws. |
| Louisiana Purchase | treaty with France in 1803 that allowed the U.S. to acquire vast extent of land. |
| Lowell Mills | textile mills founded in 1826. |
| Loyalist | someone loyal to England during the American Revolution. |
| Manifest Destiny | idea that Americans had a right to all of the land between the east and west coasts. |
| Mayflower Compact | (1620) agreement between Pilgrims to establish a government in the New World. |
| Melting Pot | idea American culture is a blend of many different cultures. |
| Mercantilism | economic system in which England controlled the trade of the countries. |
| Mexican session | land in the Southwest given up by Mexico in 1848 after the Mexican War. |
| Mexican War | war between U.S. and Mexico 1846-1848. |
| Middle passage | journey of captured Africans to the New World to be sold as saleves. |
| Militia | armed civilians who are supposed to defend their communities. |
| Mormons | group of people who moved west to avoid religious persecution. |
| Neutral | to not become allies with any country. |
| New Jersey Plan | of government that the constitution convention considered. |
| Northwest Territory | land that formed the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois |
| Oregon Trail | trail from Missouri to Oregon. |
| Patriot | someone who supported the American Revolution. |
| Pilgrims | founded the Plymouth colony. |
| Plantation | large farm that raises cash crops |
| Political Party | group of people that supports a candidate running for a government position |
| Popular Sovereignty | government in which the people have the power |
| Puritans | settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Radical Republicans | wanted to use the federal government to impose a new order on the South and wanted to grant citizenship rights to former slaves |
| Ratification | the process of approving the Constitution |
| Reconstruction | process of re-admitting southern states into the Union |
| Representative Government | system if government in which officials are elected in order to represent the interests of the voters |
| Republicanism | the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed |
| Republican Party | political party formed in 1854 |
| Royal Colony | a colony ruled by governors appointed by the king |
| Salutary Neglect | english policy of not interfering in the colonies |
| Santa Fe Trail | a trail from Missouri to New Mexico |
| Secession | withdrawal of southern states from the Union |
| Second Great Awakening | religious revival, 1790-1800 |
| Sectionalism | tension between North and South as each region placed their own interests above those of the country as a whole. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | (1848) women’s rights meeting |
| Separation of Powers | the division of government into three branches |
| Shays’ Rebellion | (1787) uprising of farmers |
| Slave codes | laws that regulated how slaves could be treated |
| Slavery | a person was owned by another person in order to control their labor |
| Sons of Liberty | secret society who opposed British polices |
| States’ Rights | idea that the power of the states should not be trampled on by the national government |
| Stono Rebellion | (1787) uprising of slaves |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Tariff/Tax | fees charged on an economic activity |
| Tariff of Abominations | (1828) tariff that made the Southerners angry |
| Temperance Movement | people who thought that drinking alcohol was wrong |
| Texas Revolution | (1836) Texas declared its dependence from Mexico |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement at the constitutional convention that allowed slaves to count a 3/5th of a white person |
| Total War | Union strategy to attack not just enemy troops, but anything that helped the enemy: buildings, crops and rail lines |
| Trail of Tears | enforced journey by Cherokee Indians in 1838-1839 from their lands in the east to the west |
| Transcendentalism | philosophy that believed in the goodness of humans and which valued experience and intuition above reason and logic |
| Triangle Trade | system of trade in which goods were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the New World colonies |
| Unalienable Right | right that the government cannot take away |
| Unconstitutional | law that is forbidden by the Constitution |
| Underground Railroad | series of escape routes for run away slaves |
| Urbanization | growth of cities |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | (1619) first representative government in the colonies |
| Virginia Plan | plan of government that the constitutional convention considered |
| Wart of 1812 | (18012-1815) conflict between England and U.S. |
| Whig Party | political party formed in 1834 |
| Whiskey Rebellion | (1794) protest by farmers |
| Wilmot Proviso | (1846) proposal that would have banned slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico |
| Women’s Right’s Movement | people who taught that the women should have the same rights as men |
| XYZ Affair | (1797) incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats |
Created by:
phsv
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