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Chapter 11
The Expanding Nation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the third president of the United States? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Why was Jefferson’s presidency important to Republicans? | because they also took control over both houses of congress |
| What were three things that Jefferson wanted to do to pay off the national debt? | 1. Lower military spending 2. Reduce the size of the army to 3200 troops 3. Cut navy to 7 active ships |
| What program did Jefferson keep that was established by Federalists? | The National Bank |
| What are midnight judges? | The judges that Adams had appointed the night before he left office |
| What happened the first day when Jefferson came into office? | Some of the people Adams had appointed for positions had not received their commission |
| What did Jefferson tell his secretary of state, James Madison, to do with the commissions? | he told him not to hand them out |
| Who did not receive his commission when Jefferson came into office? | William Marbury (federalist) |
| What did William Marbury demand the Supreme Court to do? | Hand over his commission |
| What chief justice heard Marbury’s case? | John Marshall |
| What did Chief Justice John Marshall decide in Marbury vs. Madison? | That Marbury was treated unfairly, but that the courts did not have the right to force the executive branch to hand over the commission to Marbury |
| What was even greater significance in the Marbury v. Madison case? | It established JUDICIAL REVIEW- this meant that the supreme court could review laws (Judiciary Act of 1789) and find them unconstitutional |
| Who did France by Louisiana from? | Spain |
| Who wanted to spread their empire into Europe? | Napoleon |
| What did Napoleon have to do before he could send troops to Louisiana? | Take over St. Domingue as a supply base |
| Who won the battle between Napoleon and Toussaint Loverture? | Toussaint |
| What did Jefferson originally want to purchase from France? | New Orleans |
| Why did America want to purchase New Orleans from France? | because it was a big trading port for America that ran along the Mississippi river and they were afraid that France would try and restrict that trade |
| Who did Jefferson send to France to buy New Orleans? | Robert Livingston and James Monroe |
| How much was Louisiana purchased for? | $15 million |
| What were the reasons why Napoleon was willing to sell Louisiana? | 1. France was going to war with Britain 2. He did not want to fight Britain and US at same time 3. France did not have troops in Louisiana 4. US would challenge Britain’s power with more land |
| By purchasing Louisiana, what happened to the US? | Its size almost doubled |
| Who was sent out to explore the west? | Lewis and Clark |
| What “tasks” were Lewis and Clark given? | Explore the West and form peaceful relations with Indians |
| Who did Lewis and Clark first meet along the way that helped with their journey? | Sacagawea and her husband who was a French fur trader |
| Who guided Lewis and Clark through the Rockies? | Sacagawea’s brother |
| Which man was sent out by Jefferson to explore the Southwest? | Zebulon Pike |
| What tasks was Pike given by Jefferson? | Find the starting point of the Red River and spy on the Spanish outposts |
| What happened to Pike in his travels? | He was captured by the Spanish |
| When Pike returned to US, what did he tell Jefferson? | there was good business opportunities in the Southwest |
| What are Barbary states? | states that practice piracy and held foreign citizens hostage |
| What happened when the US sailed down to put an end to the Barbary states? | they got caught up in a battle between France and Britain |
| What did Britain and France demand of the US? | That the US stop sending aid to each other’s enemy |
| The law that Britain passed stated what? | British could search and seize ships carrying war supplies to France |
| The law that France passed stated what? | declared no country could ship goods to Britain |
| What is impressments? | forcing people to serve in the army or navy |
| Why did many Americans want to go to war with Britain? | because they had searched and seized American ships and they had taken American soldiers to fight in their war |
| In an attempt to end the quarrel with Britain and France, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act that stated what? | law that banned trade with foreign nations |
| Did Americans like the Embargo Act? | No, it punished American Merchants more than the British and French because the French just went and traded with South American countries |
| What law replaced the Embargo Act? | Non-Intercourse Act |
| What did the Non-Intercourse Act state? | Banned trade with only Britain and France; US would trade with the first country that stopped violating US neutrality |
| Who did Britain give military aid and support to? | American Indians |
| Why did Britain give support to the American Indians? | They wanted to contain rapid western growth |
| Who was the “leader” of the American Indians? | Tecumseh |
| What did William Henry Harrison (Gov. of Indiana Territory) tell Tecumseh? | That he needed to abide by the treaties that were passed |
| What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe? | American Indians broke through camp lines and attacked Americans; Indians retreated and the Americans ruined Tecumseh’s village. |
| What are War Hawks? | People who favored war with Great Britain |
| Where were most War Hawks from? | South and West |
| Where were most opponents of War Hawks from? | New England (they were mainly Federalists) |
| Who was the fourth president of the US? | James Madison |
| What happened when Madison asked Congress to make a decision about what the nation should do with Great Britain? | Congress declared war |
| What surprised the British about the US in the beginning of the war? | The US was stronger than what they thought. Cannon balls bounced off of the USS Constitution |
| What advantages did the US have at the beginning of the war? | 1) they had bough Privateers 2) British ships were scattered around the world 3) US had newer ships that could carry more cannons |
| What fort was captured by the British when the Americans tried to move into Canada? | Fort Detroit |
| Why was Fort Detroit important? | It was another big trading post, it sat around some of the Great Lakes, and Michigan bordered Canada |
| What did Americans do in retaliation for the British taking over their fort? | The burnt the Canadian capital (York) |
| What happened in the Battle of Lake Erie? | the British surrendered |
| What was significant about the Battle of Thames? | Tecumseh was killed and the alliance between the British and American Indians was weakened |
| Who was the general in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (South) | Andrew Jackson |
| What happened at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend? | The Creek signed a treaty that gave up millions of acres of land |
| What did Britain do in retaliation to the US burning the Capital of York? | They burnt the white house and other governmental buildings |
| What was essentially the last battle in the War of 1812? | Battle of New Orleans |
| What did Jackson order his men to do when he found out British troops were marching towards New Orleans? | build a wall made out of dirt and logs |
| What happened at the Battle of New Orleans? | Americans won. The British walked through heavy fog and when it cleared, they were bombarded by heavy fire from the US. |
| What was the Hartford Convention? | When Federalists met in Hartford, Connecticut to oppose the war |
| Why did people believe the Federalists were treasonous? | because they tried to withdraw from the US and/or give the states more rights |
| What treaty ended the war? | Treaty of Ghent |
| What did the Treaty of Ghent state? | That the US and British would return the territories that were conquered in the war |
| Why were Americans proud of themselves after the War of 1812? | It showed that the new nation could stand up against the mighty British. |
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amello
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