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HENNT
WVSOM -- Clincial Skills I -- HENNT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is caput succedaneum? | subcutaneous edema after birth (crosses suture lines) |
| What is cephalhematoma? | suberiosteal collection of blood after birth (does not cross suture lines) |
| What is plagiocephaly? | a flattened or asymmetrical shape to the skull in infants (parallelogram head) |
| What causes hydrocephalus? | usually cuased by inadequate CSF drainage thru the ventricles or excess production of CSF |
| What is hydrocephalus? | swellign of the head, sparing the face |
| What is macrocephaly? | head 2 standard deviations larger than expected for age |
| What is microcephaly? | head 2 standard deviations smaller than expected for age |
| What is chloasma? | mask of pregnancy. Splotchy or irregular darkening of the skin on the face often associated with the heightened hormone levels of pregnancy |
| Microcephaly, flat mid face, small eyes, smooth philtrum? | fetal alcohol syndrome |
| What is moon face? | associated with Cushing syndrome. Puffy, rounded face. Hirsutism may also be present |
| What is hirsutism? | male pattern facial hair growth in females |
| What causes cushing syndrome? | prolonged excess glucocorticoids either form an adrenal tumor or from long term anti-inflammatory steroid use. |
| What is butterfly rash? | associated with lupus. Erythematous maculopapular rash over the cheeks and bridge of the nose |
| What is myxedema? | associated with severe hypothyroidism. Periorbital edema, thickened, dry yellow skin and sparse hair present |
| What is down syndrome facies? | characteristic face associated with trisomy 32. Depressed or flattened nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, slanted palpebral fissures, macroglossia, low set ears and ocular hypertelorism |
| What is macroglossa? | enlarged tongue |
| What is ocular hypertelorism? | increased distance between the eyes |
| What is the function of saliva? | moisten mouth, prevent caries and initiate digestion of carbohydrates |
| What can occlude salivary glands? | stones, and infections |
| Describe migraine headaches. | unilateral, hours to days, pulsating or throbbing pain. Happens morening or night |
| What aggregates migranes? | menstrual periods, birth control use and stress |
| What is associated with migrains? | prodome (auras, aphasia, scotoma, associated nausea and vomiting) |
| Describe cluxster headaches. | unilateral. ½-2 hours long. Burning knifelike pain. Usually occurs at night., several days in a row and then stops |
| Enlarged occipital nodes in a 6 month old with a rash is ___________. | commonly seen |
| What aggregates cluster headaches? | alcohol use |
| What is associated with cluster headaches? | sleep disturbances, and associated with increased lacrimation |
| Describe muscle tension headaches. | unilateral or bilateral. Lasts hours to days. Bandlike and constricting |
| What aggregates muscle tension headaches? | stress |
| What is associated with muscle tension headaches? | nothing |
| Describe temporal arteritis. | unilateral or bilateral. Lasts hours to days. Throbbing and happens anytime |
| What aggregates temporal arteritis? | none |
| What is associated temporal arteritis? | nothing |
| What is lymphadenitis? | infection of the node |
| What is lymphangitis? | infection in the lymphatic channels |
| What is lympadenopathy? | catch-all term for swollen or enlarged node |
| What does the Thyroid produce? | Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 which are major regulators of metabolism in the body. Also produces calcitonin |
| What is a goiter? | enlargement of the thyroid gland. Most benign but some are malignant |
| What is graves diseas? | autoimmune induced hyperthyroidism. Enlarged thyroid, weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, palpitations, etc |
| What is associated with hypothyroidism? | cold intolerance, weight gane, tired, coarse skin, NO thyroid enlargement |
| What is Hashimoto’s Disease? | chronic autoimmune thyroid disease; usually causes hypothyroidism, but may also cause hyperthyroidism |
| What is a thyroglossal duct cyst? | freely movable mass high in the neck, MIDLINE |
| What is a branchial cleft cyst. | moderately moveable mass near the upper 1/3rd of the SCM muscle. LATERAL |
| What is the external auditory canal like in infants compared to adults? | shorter in infants |
| Cretinism, metnal retardation, jaundice, floppy as a baby is what? | hypothyroidism |
| What are Eustachian tubes like in infants compared to adults? | wider, shorter and more horizontal in infants |
| What is presbycusis? | normal hearing loss common in person aged 65+. Greater for high frequency sounds |
| What are symptoms of presbycusis? | speech sounds muffled, background noise interferes with hearing, Men’s voices easier to understand than women’s, difficulting hearing high pictched sounds |
| What causes presbycusis? | multfactoral including degeneration of corti hair cells, stapes ossification, sclerosis of TM, strae of vascularis atrophy |
| What is otitis external? | Swimmer’s Ear. Pain and itching in ear canal. Intense pain when tugging on pinna, watery/purulent discharge from canal and canal is red, edematous on inspection |
| What is acute otitis media? | infection of middle ear. Usually a complication of an upper respiratory tract infection. May be secondary to blockage of Eustachian tube drainage |
| What are signs and symptoms of acute otitis media? | abrupt onset of ear pain, middle ear effusion, middle ear inflammation, systemic symptoms and feeling of blockage or hearing loss. |
| What is middle ear effusion? | air-fluid level or bubbles present |
| What does middle ear inflammation look like? | tympanic membrane with distinct erythema, thickening or clouding; bulging; limited or absent movement, air-fluid level present |
| What is labyrinthitis? | infection of the labyrinthine canal of the inner ear. Often a complication of otits media or meningitis |
| What are signs and symptoms of labyrinthitis? | vertigo worse with head movement, nystagmus |
| What is meniere Disease? | disease of the labyrinth where excess fluid in the labyrinthine canals leads to vestibular dysfunction and hearing loss |
| What are signs and symptoms of meniere disease? | severe vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss |
| What is mastoiditis? | infection of the mastoid air cells. Often a comnplicaiton of untreated otitis media. Is rare since antibiotic use |
| What are signs and symptoms of mastoiditis? | history of otitis media, otalgia with paoin over mastoid process. |
| When do frontal and sphenoid sinuses develop? | not until around 7-8 years old |
| When do maxillary and ethmoid sinuses present? | at birth |
| What is sinusitis? | acute sinusitis is an upper respiratory infection that worsens after 5 days, lasts more than 10 and has more severe symptoms than a typical infection |
| What are signs and symptoms of sinusitis? | purulent nasal or post nasal drainage, nasal congestion, facial pain. May also have maxillary toothache, poor response to decongestants, opaque sinus transillumination in adults |
| What is torus palatines? | boy protuberance of the palate. Normal variant of the palate if found in midline. Be sure not to confuse with a palatine tumor |
| What is glossitis? | ifnlamation of the tongue |
| What is geographic tounge? | condition where the surface of the tongue looks like a map due to areas of atrophy of the filiform papillae. The atrophied areas may migrate around the tongue oer time. Autoimmune in nature but otherwise benign |
| How does oral cancer appear? | painless at first, may become painful later. May appear as an ulcerated lesion with erythematous, white or colored borders. Usually appears as leasion that wont’ heal |
| What is licen planus? | dermatologic disease that manifest int eh mouth as fine white liens and dots |
| What is benign keratosis? | benign turmor or wart like growth. Only diagnosed with biopsy |
| What is tonsillitis? | infection or inflammation of the palatine tonsils. May swell enough o obstruct the oropharynx |
| What are signs and symptoms of tonsillitis? | sore throat, dysphagia, fever, fetid breath, malaise, swollen cervical lymph nodes, red, swollen tonsils and purulent exudates |
| What are yellow exudates associated with? | strptococcal infection. |
Created by:
tjamrose
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