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Sociology C 7
Deviance and Social Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| deviance | behavior that departs from societal or group norms |
| negative deviance | behavior that fails to meet accepted norms |
| positive deviance | behavior that overconforms to social expectations |
| deviant | a person who breaks significant societal or group norms |
| social control | ways to encourage behavior that is in line with society's norms |
| social sanctions | rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms |
| anomie (a nuh mee) | a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting or not there |
| concept | an idea |
| strain theory | the theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them |
| control theory | the theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society |
| differential association theory | the theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms to which they are exposed |
| labeling theory | the theory that society creates deviance by identifying particualr members as deviant |
| label | to identify (call or say someone is something like a deviant) |
| primary deviance | only occasional breaking of norms |
| secondary deviance | deviance that becomes a lifestyle and part of an individual's identity |
| stigma | an undesirable label used to deny a deviant acceptance (such as calling a person who spent time in jail a jailbird or convict) |
| cite | to quote as an authoritative source (the person who said it or wrote it is considerate someone that others acknowledge as having additional insight and knowledge on a topic) |
| victim discounting | the process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status (If the victim has low social status then the crime commited against the person is considered less serious and the punishment for it is less serious) |
| white collar crime | job-related crimes committed by high-status people (for example: fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, etc.) |
| contrary | the opposite of what was previously stated or thought |
| criminal justice system | a system made up of institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes (laws) |
| deterrence | discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment (in other words people see others getting put in jail for breaking a law and then they avoid commiting the crime because they don't want to do jail time) |
| retribution | punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts |
| incarceration | a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison |
| rehabilitation | the process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization |
| recidivism | a repeating of or return to crimial behavior |
| restitution | punishment intended to make criminals monetary compensation to make up for the financial damage caused by their acts |
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