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Qtr Final Review
Other concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cash crop | A crop that is raised primarily for sale |
| Mercantilism | – The belief that a nation could increase its wealth and power by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible and by establishing a favorable balance of trade |
| Land Ownership (American Indians) | It is not possible to own land, it is for everyone |
| Enlightenment | Thinking that stressed the use of reason, the importance of the individual and scientific method |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods between the Americas and Europe and Africa |
| Federalism | Divides power between national and state governments |
| Checks and Balances | separation of powers so that the government would not become centered on one branch. |
| Abolitionism | movement against slavery |
| Spoils system (Andrew Jackson) | 1. Jackson - political power for all classes. 2. Gives government jobs to supporters |
| Economy of North | 1. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain and spreads to US. 2. Textile Mills in New England. 3. Market Economy |
| Economy of South | 1. Cotton gin makes agriculture more profitable. 2. Increases demand for labor and slaves |
| Civil War—military technologies | repeating weapons, pistol & rifle, cannons, iron & steele technology, formation (low to ground and behind cover) |
| Sharecropping | Many freedmen and poor whites went to work on the large plantations. These people rented and farmed a plot of land. Planters provided seed, fertilizer, and tools in return for a share of the crop at harvest time. |
| Role of buffalo | Native Americans dependent (food, clothing, tools) on them white settlers and railroads decimated herds |
| Transcontinental railroad | linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system. A railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast made it easier for mail and goods to be sent. |
| Assimilation | Process of converting Native Americans into Euro-Americans through education, farming, religion, dress/appearance, language, and housing. |
| Ghost Dance | Holy Man believed this dance would bring back the buffalo and return Native Americans to their land |
| Skyscrapers | able to be built after Henry Bessemer invented process to cheaply turn iron into steel |
| Vertical integration | Carnegie used this to control costs and therefor increase profits-- he acquired companies that provided materials and services upon which his enterprises depended |
| Social Darwinism | theory that sought to apply the biological principles of natural selection and evolution to society |
| Collective bargaining | negotiations between labor unions (workers) and management for better working conditions/pay/hours |
| Bessemer process | a converter to blast air through iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities |
| Bimetallism | A monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks |
| Horizontal integration | when one company owns other companies involved in the same business. |
| American Federation of Labor | labor union that organized skilled workers in specific trades and made small demands rather than seeking broad changes |
| Angel Island | Immigrant processing station in San Francisco (West Coast) built in 1910 to enforce Asian exclusion laws. Longer processing times and very racist against immigrants from Japan, China, India and Korea |
| Ellis Island | Main port of entry by immigrants, New York. About 2% of immigrants were denied entry. |
| Tammany Hall | Building that housed Tweed ring which defrauds NYC of millions of dollars |
| Americanization | social campaign sponsored by government and concerned citizens to assimilate people into main culture |
| Leisure activities | Better technology allowed more time for Leisure activities. Cities offered Museums, Theatres and Libraries |
| Gentlemen’s Agreement | Japanese government agrees to limit emigration in return US agrees not to stop immigration from Japan all together |
| Political machine | Organized group that controls city political party |
| Tenement housing | Multi –family urban dwellings. Unregulated in poor, industrial areas. They were overcrowded and unsanitary. No windows and rarely indoor toilets. |
Created by:
PLHShistory1
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