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ISLAM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Islam | the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. Allah is the Arabic name for god. |
| Muslim | a follower of the religion of islam |
| Hadith | a traditional account of things said or done by Muhammad or his companions. |
| alms giving | the practice of giving money or food to poor people. |
| Five pillars of faith | the five bases of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), siyam (fasting, especially during the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Makkah). |
| Monotheism | the doctrine or belief that there is only one God. |
| Ka'ba | a small, cubical building in the courtyard of the Great Mosque at Makkah containing a sacred black stone: regarded by Muslims as the House of God and the objective of their pilgrimages. |
| Muhammad | The Arab founder of Islam, Muhammad is held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Makkah. Muslims believe that the Qur'an was dictated to him by an angel sent from God, Gabriel. |
| Caliph | the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517 |
| Ramadan | the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset. |
| People of the book | Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims. |
| Quran | the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras |
| Jihad | lesser jihad is the external struggle against oppression and the greater jihad is the struggle within oneself. |
| Polytheism | the belief in or worship of more than one god |
| Imam | the person who leads prayers in a mosque |
| Prophet | a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God or Allah |
| Cultural diffusion | the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. |
| Trade routes | A route followed by traders |
| Sunnah | the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions or disapprovals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad's companions. |
| Shari'ah | Islamic religious law that governs not only religious rituals, but aspects of day-to-day life in Islam. |
| Makkah | the birth place of Muhammad and the origin of Islam. |
| Hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetim |
| Siyam | fasting from dawn until dusk during Ramadan, one of the Five Pillars of Islam |
| Zakat | obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes. |
| Salat | the ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily in a set form. |
| Shahada | the Muslim profession of faith (“there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”). |
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