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Sociology C 5
Social Structure and Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| role | an expected behavior associated with a particular status |
| right | a behavior that individuals expect from others |
| obligation | a behavior that individuals are expected to perform towards others |
| role performance | the actual conduct, or behavior, exhibited by people as they carry out a role |
| social interaction | any of the processes by which people influence one another as they interrelate |
| role conflict | the situation that exists when expectations for, or perfomance of, a role in one status clash with expectations for, or performance of, a role in another status |
| role strain | the situation that occurs when a person has trouble meeting the many roles connected with a single status |
| incompatible | unable to be reconciled (unable to fix conflicts to that came exists between two roles) |
| social structure | the pattern of social relationship within a group |
| status | a position a person occupies within a social structure |
| ascribed status | a position in a social structure that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned to a person |
| achieved status | a position in a social structure that is earned or chosen |
| status set | all the statuses a person occupies at any given time |
| master status | a position that strongly influences most other aspects of a person's life |
| society | a group of people living within defined territorial borders and sharing a common culture |
| hunting and gathering society | a society that survives by hunting animals and gathering edible plants |
| accompany | to go along with someone engaging in anactivity |
| horticultural society | a society that survives primarily through using simple tools to grow plants |
| pastoral society | a society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals |
| domesticated | tamed (a plant or animal that is controlled by humans) |
| agricultural society | a society that uses plows and draft animals (oxen, horses, etc.) |
| industrial society | a society that depends on science and technology to produce basic goods and services |
| mechanization | the process of replacing animal and human power with machine power |
| urbanization | the shifting of the population from farms and villages to large cities |
| gemeinschaft | a preindustrial society based on tradition, kinship, and close |
| gesellschaft | an industrial society characterized by weak family ties, competition and impersonal social relationships |
| social solidarity | the degree to which a society is unified |
| mechanical solidarity | a type of social unity achieved by people doing the same type of work and holding similar values |
| consensus | a broad agreement; an agreement by many/most within a group |
| organic solidarity | a type of social unity in which members' interdependence is based on specialized functions and statuses |
| postindustrial society | a society in which the economic emphasis is on providing services and information |
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ashbjj01
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