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Ch. 28
Pulmonology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is another name for allergic rhinitis | hay fever |
| what are the usual symptoms of allergic rhinitis | sneezing, itching, redness, congestion |
| what is the primary risk factor for allergic rhinitis | genetic predisposition |
| what are two other names for upper respiratory infection | coryza and common cold |
| what are antibiotics not used to treat this condition | because they have no effect on viruses |
| what are 5 contributors to developing sinusitis | bacterial and virus infections, over use of antihistamines and nasal sprays and smoking |
| what is the common location of sinus pain | the face |
| what are other symptoms of sinusitis | congestion, fever, malaise, and cough |
| what are symptoms of pharyngitis | fever, cough, swollen tonsils, red and swollen throat |
| when would antibiotics be prescribed for pharyngitis | bacterial pharyngitis |
| what are some complications of strep | rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, tonsillary abscesses, and glomerulonephritis |
| what are some causes of pneumonia | bacteria, viruses, chemical irritants, and aspiration |
| who is at risk for developing pneumonia | those with weakened immune systems, chronic lung disease, heart disease |
| how is treatment for pneumonia determined | its based on the cause |
| how is the flu virus spread | person to person through respiratory droplets and secretions |
| what are the common respiratory symptoms of the flu | congestion |
| when might antibiotics be prescribed for the | secondary bacterial infection |
| what will you teach Pts about how to prevent the spread of flu | vaccines and standard precautions |
| who should not get the flu shot | people who are allergic to chicken or eggs,pts with fever, under 6 months old, and those who have had allergic reactions to it in the past |
| what disorders are included in COPD | chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and pneumoconiosis |
| what is the greatest risk factor for COPD | smoking |
| what is the stimulus for a person with COPD to breath and why is it important when applying supplemental oxygen | when O2 levels get too low; if O2 levels get too high the Pt might lose the urge to breath |
| how is chronic bronchitis different from acute bronchitis | chronic can last anywhere from weeks to years |
| who is the most vulnerable to getting bronchitis | those who smoke, and those with chronic respiratory conditions |
| how is bronchitis diagnosed | history and symptoms |
| how are the thick secretions of bronchitis treated | with expectorant |
| what type of medication is given for a non-productive cough | antitussive |
| people who have asthma usually also suffer from what | allergies |
| what age group is asthma most common in | children |
| what are two types of asthma | allergic and non allergic |
| what are triggers for non allergic asthma | stress, cold air, anxiety, exercise, and viruses |
| what medication is used to treat an acute asthma attack | albuterol |
| what happens to the alveoli in emphysema | they lose their elasticity and thicken |
| what happens to the diaphragm in emphysema | it flattens |
| what are rhonchi | course gurgling |
| what will you teach a Pt with emphysema about nutrition | plan small meals with snacks in between meals |
| what are the symptoms of tuberculosis | productive cough, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, and fatigue |
| list three diagnostic tests that confirm tuberculosis | PPD, chest xray, bronchoscope |
| what can happen if a pt delays treatment or do not complete treatment for tuberculosis | permanent damage to the lungs |
| what is another name for Epstein-Barr | mono or the kissing disease |
| what is the treatment for Epstein-Barr | bed rest, fluids, and analgesics |
| what are the two general types of lung cancer | small cell and non small cell |
| list four contributors to lung cancer in addition to smoking | asbestos, air pollution, radon, and 2nd hand smoke |
| what test provides a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer | biopsied tissue specimen |
| what is another name for spirometry | pulmonary function test |
| define total lung capacity | total amount of air in lungs after a max inhalation |
| define tidal volume | volume of air in a normal inhale or exhale |
| define residual volume | the air remaining in the lungs after exhaling |
| antitussive | medication that suppresses the cough reflex |
| aspiration | unintentional inhalation of any substance other than air |
| bronchoscopy | examination of the bronchi through a specialized instrument called a bronchoscope |
| chest physiotherapy | type of therapy that includes percussion over the thorax or vibration and positioning to facilitate loosening and removal of respiratory secretions |
| circumoral cyanosis | blue coloring around the mouth due to inadequate oxygenation |
| corticosteriods | medications that suppress the immune response and decrease inflammation |
| crackles | abnormal crackly lung sound heard with a stethoscope |
| dyspnea | painful or difficult breathing |
| exhalation | act of breathing out |
| expectorant | medication that liquefies and loosens respiratory secretions to aid in expelling them |
| febrile | fever causing |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
| hypoxia | deficient level of oxygen |
| hypoxic drive | backup system of respiration that stimulates breathing in a patient who is retaining carbon dioxide |
| incentive spirometer | handheld device used by the pt to inhale a maximal breath to keep lungs expanded and functional |
| inhalation | act of breathing in |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe of a lung |
| lymphadenopathy | swollen tender cervical lymph nodes |
| mantoux test | test to identify tuberculosis exposure |
| metered dose inhaler | handheld device used to inhale medication into the lungs |
| nasal cannula | oxygen tubing device designed to deliver oxygen into a patient's nose |
| nebulizer | device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to the air passages and lungs |
| peak flow meter | handheld device used to measure an individual's lung capacity |
| pH scale | scale used to measure acidity or alkalinity |
| pleural membranes | double membranes that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity |
| pneumonectomy | surgical removal of an entire lung |
| aerophagia | swallowing of air |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchus |
| bronchiectasis | dilation or expansion of the bronchus |
| chrondroplasty | surgical repair of cartilage |
| epiglottal | pertaining to the epiglottis |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nose (runny nose) |
| mucoid | resembling mucus |
| oral | pertaining to the mouth |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| orthopnea | breathing in the up right position |
| anoxia | condition of no oxygen |
| pharyngeal | pertaining to the pharynx |
| pleurodynia | pain in the pleura |
| pneumonia | condition of the lung |
| pneumonectomy | surgical excision of the lung |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lung |
| sinusoid | resembling a sinus |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the thorax |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tracheotomy | surgical incision into the trachea |
| circumoral | pertaining to around he mouth |
| hypoxia | condition of low oxygen |
| intrathoracic | pertaining to within the thorax |
| paranasal | pertaining to beside or near the nose |
| peritonsillar | pertaining to beside or near the tonsils |
| postnasal | pertaining to the posterior portion of the nose |
| stomatalgia | mouth pain |
| pleurocentesis | surgical puncture of the pleura |
| chondrocyte | cartilage cell |
| pleurodesis | binding of the pleura |
| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| laryngoplegia | paralyzed larynx |
| tracheostomy | mouthlike opening in the trachea |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to severe inflammatory damage to the lungs after severe infection or trauma |
| allergic rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal membranes due to allergies AKA hay fever |
| asthma | disorder in which airways overreact to certain triggers with inflammation resulting in narrowing, mucus production, and dyspnea: also called reactive airway disease |
| atelectasis | partial collapse of lung tissues, such as alveoli and bronchioles |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | group of chronic lung disorders that includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma and creates obstructive changes in the bronchi and alveoli; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) |
| croup | acute viral disease usually in children marked by a barking "seal-like" cough and respiratory distress |
| cystic fibrosis | fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children |
| emphysema | common chronic obstructive respiratory disorder that causes permanent destructive changes to respiratory structures |
| empyema | collection of infected fluid in a body cavity, usually between he pleura |
| epitaxis | nosebleed |
| glomerulonephritis | type of kidney infection |
| hemothorax | condition in which blood has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs |
| hypercapnia | chronic retention of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| influenza | group of viral respiratory illnesses marked by fever, headache, muscle aches, rhinitis, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms |
| lung cancer | group of several different types of cancer, including small cell, non-small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcoma, and large cell lung cancer. |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid in the pleural space |
| pneumothorax | condition in which air has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome | viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever, and cough, that may lead to severe pneumonia |
| stridor | medical emergency marked by high-pitched upper airway sound (heard with stethoscope) that indicates airway obstruction |
| ABGs | arterial blood gases |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| O2 | oxygen |
| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| RT | respiratory therapy |
| SARS | sudden acute respiratory syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| stat | immediately |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| VC | vital capacity |
Created by:
rewebb
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