click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 28
Pulmonology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is another name for allergic rhinitis | hay fever |
what are the usual symptoms of allergic rhinitis | sneezing, itching, redness, congestion |
what is the primary risk factor for allergic rhinitis | genetic predisposition |
what are two other names for upper respiratory infection | coryza and common cold |
what are antibiotics not used to treat this condition | because they have no effect on viruses |
what are 5 contributors to developing sinusitis | bacterial and virus infections, over use of antihistamines and nasal sprays and smoking |
what is the common location of sinus pain | the face |
what are other symptoms of sinusitis | congestion, fever, malaise, and cough |
what are symptoms of pharyngitis | fever, cough, swollen tonsils, red and swollen throat |
when would antibiotics be prescribed for pharyngitis | bacterial pharyngitis |
what are some complications of strep | rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, tonsillary abscesses, and glomerulonephritis |
what are some causes of pneumonia | bacteria, viruses, chemical irritants, and aspiration |
who is at risk for developing pneumonia | those with weakened immune systems, chronic lung disease, heart disease |
how is treatment for pneumonia determined | its based on the cause |
how is the flu virus spread | person to person through respiratory droplets and secretions |
what are the common respiratory symptoms of the flu | congestion |
when might antibiotics be prescribed for the | secondary bacterial infection |
what will you teach Pts about how to prevent the spread of flu | vaccines and standard precautions |
who should not get the flu shot | people who are allergic to chicken or eggs,pts with fever, under 6 months old, and those who have had allergic reactions to it in the past |
what disorders are included in COPD | chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and pneumoconiosis |
what is the greatest risk factor for COPD | smoking |
what is the stimulus for a person with COPD to breath and why is it important when applying supplemental oxygen | when O2 levels get too low; if O2 levels get too high the Pt might lose the urge to breath |
how is chronic bronchitis different from acute bronchitis | chronic can last anywhere from weeks to years |
who is the most vulnerable to getting bronchitis | those who smoke, and those with chronic respiratory conditions |
how is bronchitis diagnosed | history and symptoms |
how are the thick secretions of bronchitis treated | with expectorant |
what type of medication is given for a non-productive cough | antitussive |
people who have asthma usually also suffer from what | allergies |
what age group is asthma most common in | children |
what are two types of asthma | allergic and non allergic |
what are triggers for non allergic asthma | stress, cold air, anxiety, exercise, and viruses |
what medication is used to treat an acute asthma attack | albuterol |
what happens to the alveoli in emphysema | they lose their elasticity and thicken |
what happens to the diaphragm in emphysema | it flattens |
what are rhonchi | course gurgling |
what will you teach a Pt with emphysema about nutrition | plan small meals with snacks in between meals |
what are the symptoms of tuberculosis | productive cough, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, and fatigue |
list three diagnostic tests that confirm tuberculosis | PPD, chest xray, bronchoscope |
what can happen if a pt delays treatment or do not complete treatment for tuberculosis | permanent damage to the lungs |
what is another name for Epstein-Barr | mono or the kissing disease |
what is the treatment for Epstein-Barr | bed rest, fluids, and analgesics |
what are the two general types of lung cancer | small cell and non small cell |
list four contributors to lung cancer in addition to smoking | asbestos, air pollution, radon, and 2nd hand smoke |
what test provides a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer | biopsied tissue specimen |
what is another name for spirometry | pulmonary function test |
define total lung capacity | total amount of air in lungs after a max inhalation |
define tidal volume | volume of air in a normal inhale or exhale |
define residual volume | the air remaining in the lungs after exhaling |
antitussive | medication that suppresses the cough reflex |
aspiration | unintentional inhalation of any substance other than air |
bronchoscopy | examination of the bronchi through a specialized instrument called a bronchoscope |
chest physiotherapy | type of therapy that includes percussion over the thorax or vibration and positioning to facilitate loosening and removal of respiratory secretions |
circumoral cyanosis | blue coloring around the mouth due to inadequate oxygenation |
corticosteriods | medications that suppress the immune response and decrease inflammation |
crackles | abnormal crackly lung sound heard with a stethoscope |
dyspnea | painful or difficult breathing |
exhalation | act of breathing out |
expectorant | medication that liquefies and loosens respiratory secretions to aid in expelling them |
febrile | fever causing |
hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
hypoxia | deficient level of oxygen |
hypoxic drive | backup system of respiration that stimulates breathing in a patient who is retaining carbon dioxide |
incentive spirometer | handheld device used by the pt to inhale a maximal breath to keep lungs expanded and functional |
inhalation | act of breathing in |
lobectomy | removal of a lobe of a lung |
lymphadenopathy | swollen tender cervical lymph nodes |
mantoux test | test to identify tuberculosis exposure |
metered dose inhaler | handheld device used to inhale medication into the lungs |
nasal cannula | oxygen tubing device designed to deliver oxygen into a patient's nose |
nebulizer | device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to the air passages and lungs |
peak flow meter | handheld device used to measure an individual's lung capacity |
pH scale | scale used to measure acidity or alkalinity |
pleural membranes | double membranes that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity |
pneumonectomy | surgical removal of an entire lung |
aerophagia | swallowing of air |
bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchus |
bronchiectasis | dilation or expansion of the bronchus |
chrondroplasty | surgical repair of cartilage |
epiglottal | pertaining to the epiglottis |
laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
rhinitis | inflammation of the nose (runny nose) |
mucoid | resembling mucus |
oral | pertaining to the mouth |
stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
orthopnea | breathing in the up right position |
anoxia | condition of no oxygen |
pharyngeal | pertaining to the pharynx |
pleurodynia | pain in the pleura |
pneumonia | condition of the lung |
pneumonectomy | surgical excision of the lung |
pulmonary | pertaining to the lung |
sinusoid | resembling a sinus |
thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the thorax |
tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
tracheotomy | surgical incision into the trachea |
circumoral | pertaining to around he mouth |
hypoxia | condition of low oxygen |
intrathoracic | pertaining to within the thorax |
paranasal | pertaining to beside or near the nose |
peritonsillar | pertaining to beside or near the tonsils |
postnasal | pertaining to the posterior portion of the nose |
stomatalgia | mouth pain |
pleurocentesis | surgical puncture of the pleura |
chondrocyte | cartilage cell |
pleurodesis | binding of the pleura |
laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
laryngoplegia | paralyzed larynx |
tracheostomy | mouthlike opening in the trachea |
acute respiratory distress syndrome | hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to severe inflammatory damage to the lungs after severe infection or trauma |
allergic rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal membranes due to allergies AKA hay fever |
asthma | disorder in which airways overreact to certain triggers with inflammation resulting in narrowing, mucus production, and dyspnea: also called reactive airway disease |
atelectasis | partial collapse of lung tissues, such as alveoli and bronchioles |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | group of chronic lung disorders that includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma and creates obstructive changes in the bronchi and alveoli; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) |
croup | acute viral disease usually in children marked by a barking "seal-like" cough and respiratory distress |
cystic fibrosis | fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children |
emphysema | common chronic obstructive respiratory disorder that causes permanent destructive changes to respiratory structures |
empyema | collection of infected fluid in a body cavity, usually between he pleura |
epitaxis | nosebleed |
glomerulonephritis | type of kidney infection |
hemothorax | condition in which blood has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs |
hypercapnia | chronic retention of carbon dioxide in the blood |
influenza | group of viral respiratory illnesses marked by fever, headache, muscle aches, rhinitis, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms |
lung cancer | group of several different types of cancer, including small cell, non-small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcoma, and large cell lung cancer. |
pleural effusion | collection of fluid in the pleural space |
pneumothorax | condition in which air has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs |
severe acute respiratory syndrome | viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever, and cough, that may lead to severe pneumonia |
stridor | medical emergency marked by high-pitched upper airway sound (heard with stethoscope) that indicates airway obstruction |
ABGs | arterial blood gases |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
O2 | oxygen |
PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
RT | respiratory therapy |
SARS | sudden acute respiratory syndrome |
SOB | shortness of breath |
stat | immediately |
TB | tuberculosis |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
VC | vital capacity |