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History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when was the minion society arose? | late third millennium B.C.E. |
| 2200 and 1450 B.C.E., | center of Mediterranean commerce |
| what type of writing was used? | Linear A |
| when was minoan society dominated? | 1100 B.C.E. |
| Indo-European immigrants settled in .... | Mycenaean society |
| what was liner A changed to? | linear B |
| who protected agricultural settlements? | Stone fortresses in the Peloponnesus |
| Chaos in the eastern Mediterranean after when?. | Trojan War (1200 B.C.E. |
| when did Sparta began to extend control? | during eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E. |
| Sparta | Reduced the neighboring peoples to semi-free servants and Maintained domination by a powerful military machine |
| Spartan society | Discouraged social distinction and Distinction was drawn by prowess |
| to who was open the citizenship to? | to free adult males, not to foreigners, slaves, and women |
| Athenian society | Maritime trade brought about prosperity to Attica, the region of Athens Aristocratic landowners were primary beneficiaries Class tension became intensified in the sixth century B.C.E. |
| Pericles (ca. 443-429 B.C.E.) | most popular democratic leader of Athens |
| how many colonies did greeks founded? | more than four hundred colonies |
| What were the benefits of the colonies ? | Facilitated trade among Mediterranean lands and people Spread of Greek language and cultural traditions Stimulated development of surrounding areas |
| The Persian War (500-479 B.C.E.) | Greek cities on Ionian coast revolted against Persia, 500 B.C.E. Battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.E., is decisive victory for Athens Xerxes tried again to seize Athens; his navy lost battle of Salamis (480 .) Persian army retreated back to Anatolia (479 .) |
| The Delian League | Military and financial alliance among Greek poleis against Persian threat, When Persian threat subsided, poleis, other than Athens, no longer wanted to make contribution |
| The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.) | Tensions led to two armed camps, under leadership of Athens and Sparta |
| who brought Greece under control? | Philip of Macedon |
| Alexander of Macedon | he succeeds Philip at age twenty and begins conquests |
| who controlled Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Invaded Persian homeland and burned Persepolis, Crossed Indus River and army refused to go farther and Died in 323 B.C.E. at age of thirty-three | Alexander of Macedon |
| what were the Hellenistic Empires? | Antigonid, Ptolemaic, Seleucid |
| Antigonid empire: Greece and Macedon | Continuous tension between the Antigonid rulers and Greek cities Economy of Athens and Corinth flourished again through trade |
| The Ptolemaic empire: Egypt--the wealthiest | The rulers did not interfere in Egyptian society Alexandria, capital at mouth of the Nile Cultural center: the famous Alexandria Museum and Alexandria Library |
| The Seleucid empire: largest, from Bactria to Anatolia | Greek and Macedonian colonists flocked to Greek cities of the former Persia Colonists created a Mediterranean-style urban society Bactria withdrew from Seleucids and established independent Greek kingdom |
| how did Trade and commerce flourished? | it flourished by resulting in population growth and more colonies |
| what was the production of the trade and commerce? | olive oil and wine, in exchange for grain and other items Led to broader sense of Greek community |
| what become popular ? | Panhellenic festivals (like Olympic Games) |
| what were the Greek society in Homer's works? | Heroic warriors and outspoken wives in Homer's world Strong-willed human beings clashed constantly |
| Patriarchal society was the norm | Women could not own landed property but could operate small businesses, Priestess was the only public position for women, Spartan women enjoyed higher status than women of other poleis |
| of what did Sappho wrote poems about? | attraction to women |
| what were it the poems about? | Instructed young women in music and literature at home, Critics charged her with homosexual activity (not acceptable for women) |
| Slavery | people Worked as cultivators, domestic servants Educated or skilled slaves worked as craftsmen and business managers |
| What was the formation of Greek cultural traditions? | a philosophy based on human reason |
| Socrates (470-399 B.C.E.)"An unexamined life is not worth living" | Encouraged reflection on questions of ethics and morality Was condemned to death on charge of corrupting Athenian youths |
| who was Plato (430-347 B.C.E.)? | A zealous disciple of Socrates |
| What does it mean to be in socrates? | The theory of Forms or Ideas--world of ideal qualities This world is imperfect reflection of world of Forms His Republic expressed the ideal of philosophical kings |
| Who was Plato's student? | Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) |
| Whats the Legacy of Greek philosophy? | Intellectual authorities for European philosophers until seventeenth century Intellectual inspiration for Christian and Islamic theologians |
| what were the Greek deities? | Zeus and scores of subordinate deities |
| Drama was performed at annual theatrical festivals | Great tragedians explored the possibilities and limitations of human action Comic drama took delight in lampooning the public figures |
| The Hellenistic philosophers | search for personal tranquility |
| Epicureans | identified pleasure as the greatest good |
| Skeptics | doubted certainty of knowledge, sought equanimity |
| Stoics | taught individuals duty to aid others and lead virtuous lives |
| Religions of salvation spread through trade routes | Mystery religions promised eternal bliss for believers; like Cult of Osiris Speculation about a single, universal god emerged |
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StephanieJ3102
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