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West/ Reconstruction
Unit 1 Reconstruction/ Western Movement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| became President after Lincoln’s assassination | President Johnson |
| Johnson, a native southerner, was sympathetic to | The South |
| Johnson's Reconstruction Plan seen as too_____ by Radical Republicans as it forgave former Confederate leaders and allowed them to vote and hold office | lenient |
| Passed by the Radical Republicans in 1867; Former Confederate officials could not vote or hold office, Southern state constitutions had to include the 14th Amendment, African Americans had to be guaranteed the right to vote | Reconstruction Act |
| Govt. agency that helped freed slaves by providing: food/clothing, jobs, medical care and education | Freedmen’s Bureau |
| Reconstruction Amendments abolished slavery | 13th |
| Reconstruction Amendments granted citizenship to persons born or naturalized in US as well as equal protection under the law | 14th |
| Reconstruction Amendments gave freedmen the right to VOTE | 15th |
| a system of renting and farming a piece land where land owner would often provide seed, fertilizer and tools | sharecropping |
| Who would be paid with a SHARE of the crop at harvest time? | landowner |
| What became widespread after Reconstruction into the 20th century? | sharecropping |
| Who did the sharecropping? | African Americans and poor whites throughout South |
| Sharecropping created a cycle of____ for many southern blacks because they did not earn enough cash for their crops to pay off their debts | poverty |
| Sharecropping is sometimes called "_______” by another name | slavery |
| a slang term many southerners called northerners who moved South after the Civil War; some helped but many profited from the impoverished conditions | Carpetbagger |
| issued Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | President Lincoln |
| did not want to punish South after the Civil War; urged for reconciliation after the Civil War along with_________ | Robert E. Lee |
| Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan: only ___% of southern voter had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and slavery had to be abolished | 10% |
| laws put in place in the South during the early years after the Civil War that severely limited the rights of freedmen | Black Codes |
| Who in Congress were outraged, took charge of Reconstruction and threw out these laws known as Black Codes | Radical Republicans |
| Reconstruction Plans Chronology | Ten Percent Plan (Lincoln, 1863) Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Johnson Plan (1865) Reconstruction Act (1867) |
| a landmark Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as facilities for blacks and whites were equal | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
| What became known as the concept of “separate but equal” | segregation |
| After Reconstruction, southern states put these 3 measures in place as a way to stop blacks from exercising their right to vote: | Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests and Grandfather Clauses |
| unfair laws that required a fee to vote; used the economic status of African Americans against them (most had very little money) | Poll Taxes |
| required voters to read and explain difficult sections of the constitution (many African American in South had little to no education) | Literacy Test |
| further discriminated against southern blacks by giving exemptions to literacy tests to those whose fathers/grandfathers could vote on or before Jan. 1867; only whites could vote at that time | Grandfather Clauses |
| Laws created in the South that legally separated the races; aka - segregation | Jim Crow Laws |
| Give 5 examples of places that were segregated | separate schools, restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, movie theaters |
| Republican Rutherford B Hayes was elected in 1876; removes all federal troops in southern states, and marks the end of which time period in U.S. History | End of Reconstruction |
| giving 160 acres to anyone who paid a small filing fee, lived on the land for 5 years, farmed it and made some improvements to it | Homestead Act |
| US government gave away thousands of acres of unassigned land in “Indian Territory” in a race held on April 22, 1889 | Oklahoma Land Rush |
| booming population back east led for high demand for beef which led to increase prices which led to high profits for cattle ranchers | Cattle Boom |
| Who had to “drive” the cattle over 1000 miles from Texas into the railheads of Kansas where the cattle would be transported to Chicago for processing and distribution | Cowboys |
| These animals were chosen for their ability to travel long distances with little water while feeding on the prairie grass | Texas Longhorn cattle |
| What 2 things brought about the end to the cattle boom? | Barbed wire fences blocked off trails Railroads near ranches: no need for cowboys |
| 300 Lakota killed while in the process of surrendering at a Creek on Lakota Reservation | Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) |
| Geronimo was finally__________ in 1886, marking the end of formal warfare between whites and Indians in the West | captured |
| Geronimo was the great Apache Warrior who led attacks against ______________ and _________ soldiers | Mexican and American soldiers |
| Considered the last great Indian aggressor to the U.S. | Geronimo |
| 4 Reasons for Westward Expansion | opportunities for land ownership technological advancement (e.g. Transcontinental RR) possibility of great wealth new beginning for former slaves |
| a rich vein of gold or silver | a lode |
| What famous lode was $400 million worth of silver found in Virginia City, NV | Comstock Lode (1859) |
| What would spring up near silver or gold mines; some become ghost towns when mine “dries” up | boomtowns |
| houses made of (grass) due to lack of lumber on plains | sod houses |
| protected farmers’ crops from being trampled by cattle and sheep | barbedwire |
| tougher than old wooden plows; could break through Great Plains sod | steel plow |
| used to bring up water that lay deep beneath the surface | windmills |
| a method used to cut grass or mulch to keep soil moist during dry weather | dry farming |
| What railroad started from Omaha, NE | Union Pacific |
| What railroad started from Sacramento, CA; | Central Pacific |
| Where did the two railroads meet? | Promontory Point, UT |
| This railroad was completed in May, 1869 when the Union and Central Pacific railroad were joined together | Transcontinental Railroad |
| Three benefits of the Transcontinental Railroad | faster, cheaper transportation out West, improved communication |
| Name 9 major RR cities: | San Francisco, LA, Portland, Seattle, Santa Fe, Dodge City, Denver, Kansas City, Chicago |
| US government made treaties with Native Americans then broke them after ________ was discovered on Indian ancestral land | gold or other precious resources |
| US government often renegotiated a new treaty with American Indians and tried to get them to move to ____________ | a much smaller piece of land “reserved” for them (reservations) |
| What are 3 ways Native Americans reacted to movement to reservations | Cooperated, fled, fought against the U.S. government |
| By the turn of the 20th century, the fighting between Native Americans and the US government ended, resulting in____ | all remaining Indians being moved to reservations |
| Treaty w/ Sioux Nation that promised money, animal and tools if Sioux would stay on reserved land Broken when gold discovered - Pikes Peak, CO (1858) | Fort Laramie Treaty (1851) |
| 200 Cheyenne Indians slaughtered while surrendering | Sand Creek Massacre (1864) |
| gold discovered in Black Hills of South Dakota Native American forces defeat and kill General Custer and 225 of his men | Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) |
| Who led Native American forces defeating and killing General Custer and 225 of his men | Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse |
| leader of Nez Perces Indians of Pacific Northwest | Chief Joseph |
| Chief Joseph decides to ____rather than go onto reservation and leads his people on nearly 1500 mile journey in an attempt to escape to Canada | flee |
| What was discovered on Nez Perces reservation | gold |
| The Nez Perce and Chief Joseph surrender and are captured 42 miles from the _________ border | Canadian |
| Chief Joseph's famous quote | “I’m tired of fighting…” |
Created by:
andrea_tavenner
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