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SOC UNIT 4 TEST
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian Sociology "Socialization" Test Flashcards 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the personality theorists that we studied believed in 'psychoanalysis' as a way to relieve inner tension between a person's drives for aggression and belonging? | Sigmund Freud |
| Which of the personality theorists we studied conducted research using infant Rhesus Monkeys in various states of total isolation from their mothers? | Harry Harlow |
| What is a "total institution"? | These are places "where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of officials who run the institution." (Pg. 115) |
| Give one (1) example of a "total institution". | One example would be the United States Military Basic Training Commands. (Another example would be police academies.) (Pg. 133) |
| Which of the personality theorists that we studied created his personality theory and its stages after watching his own children grow up? | Jean Piaget. |
| What does the term "peer group' refer to? | "A group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age". (Pg. 105) |
| What did George Herbert Mead mean by the term "Looking Glass Self"? | This term relates to the idea that if we think that others think of us as being "smart" or "funny", then we will think of ourselves as being those things, too. |
| Which part of Sigmund Freud's "elements of personality" is the one that "includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification"? | The Id. (Pg. 97) |
| Which part of Freud's "elements of personality" is "the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the Id"? | The Ego. (Pg. 97) |
| What were the 4 stages of cognitive development that Jean Piaget created? | 1. Sensorimotor Stage; 2. Preoperational Stage; 3. Concrete Operational Stage; 4. Formal Operational Stage; (Pgs. 119 - 120) |
| What is the definition of "socialization"? | This term means "the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. (Pg. 92) |
| What conclusion did Harry Harlow come to after he completed his studies on infant Rhesus Monkeys? | He discovered that love and comfort are two things that are essential to proper growth and development of these infant monkeys. He also learned that infant monkeys raised in total isolation for +3 months had developmental & emotional delays. |
| What does the term "sociobiology" refer to? | The systematic study of how biology affects social behavior. (Pg. 93) |
| In the video clip that we saw that related to Harry & Margaret Harlow's studies of non-human primates & isolation, what did their studies ultimately find related to isolation & rhesus monkeys? | The Harlow's found that infant monkeys preferred a "cloth mother" that did not provide food over the "wire mother" that provided food when scared or angry. (Video notes & Pgs. 94 & 95) |
| What is the difference between "child maltreatment" and "child neglect"? | Neglect happens when "children's basic needs such as emotional warmth & security, adequate shelter, food, health care, education, clothing, & protection are not met regardless of the cause". (Pg. 96) |
| Which part of Sigmund Freud's "elements of personality" "consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality"? | The Superego. (Pg. 97) |
| What does the term "resocialization" refer to? | This term relates to "the process of learning a new and different set of values, attitudes, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience". (Pg. 113) |
| What does the term "ageism" mean? | This term relates to "prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons". (Pg. 112) |
| What does the term "social devaluation" mean? | This term relates to the situation whereby a person or group of people is/are considered to have less social value than other persons or groups. (Pg. 112) |
| Complete the following sentence: "Gender socialization" refers to ___________________________________. | ". . . the part of socialization that contains specific messages & practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group of society." |
| Complete the following sentence: "Racial socialization" refers to _________________________________. | ". . .the part of socialization that contains specific messages & practices concerning the nature of one's racial or ethnic status." |
| What do the symbolic interaction theorists believe about the socialization process? | These theorists believe that "socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents, not just passive recipients of the socialization process". (Pg. 102 & 103) |
| What does the term "agent of socialization" refer to? | This term refers to "the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society". (Pg. 103) |
| Who/what are the 4 agents of socialization that we learned about in this unit? | The family, the school, peer groups, & mass media. (Pgs. 103 - 108) |
| What does the term "self-concept" refer to? | This term refers to "the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves". (Pg. 100) |
| What is the 1st stage of moral development that George Herbert Mead identified? | The Imitation Stage - Small children watch how others behave and they behave like the people around them. |
| What is the 2nd stage of moral development that George Herbert Mead identified? | The Play Stage - Kids practice different special roles through play. (EX: The pretend to be nurses, secretaries, moms, or dads.) |
| What is the 3rd stage of moral development that George Herbert Mead identified? | The Game Stage - Kids can take on multiple roles in a specific situation. (EX: Soccer players need to know their own role on the team, their teammate's roles, and their opponent's roles.) |
| What is the 4th stage of moral development that George Herbert Mead identified? | "Generalized Other" - A manifestation of all of our culture's norms & expectations. |
| What does the term "justice perspective" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to Sociologist Carol Gilligan's theory that boys tend to emphasize formal rules (for example, laws) to define right & wrong. (Video Notes.) |
| What does the term "care & responsibility perspective" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to Sociologist Carol Gilligan's theory that girls emphasize the role of interpersonal reasoning in moral decisions. (Video Notes.) |
| What does the term "anticipatory socialization" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the "social process where people learn to take on the values & standards of groups that they plan to join". (Video Notes.) |
| What does the term "class socialization" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the teaching of norms, values, traits, & behaviors you develop based on the social class you are in". (Video Notes.) |
| What does the term "cultural capital" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture". (Pg. 467) |
| What did we learn related to cases in which human children have grown up in conditions of complete social isolation? | We learned that these children could not read or write, that they could not speak or otherwise communicate, and that they sometimes could not stand or walk on their own. (Pgs. 95 & 96) |
| What did Feminist Sociologist Carol Gilligan say related to the reasons why males & females exhibited gender differences? | This sociologist stated that socialization was responsible for these differences. |
| What is one (1) difference between "child maltreatment" and "child abuse"? | Neglect = when a child's basic needs (ex: emotional warmth, security, food, shelter, etc.) are not met, regardless of the cause. Abuse = causing harm to a child on purpose (i.e. is premeditated). (Pg. 96) |
| What does the term "Looking - Glass Self" mean/ refer to? | This refers to George Herbert Mead's idea that people develop their sense of self from the perception of others. (Pg. 100) |
| List one (1) example of "voluntary resocialization". | One example of this is when a person chooses to go to college and become a college student. |
| List one (1) example of "involuntary resocialization". | One example of this is when a person is found guilty of a crime and is sent to jail or prison. |
| Why did Harlow and his fellow researchers decide to conduct a study related to how orphaned Rhesus monkeys responded to a "wire mother" versus a "cloth mother"? | They observed that these monkeys became agitated and stressed when they removed the soft, cloth diaper from their cages to clean them. This made them wonder whether this related to feelings of comfort resulting from having the cloth in their cages. |
| What does the term "hidden curriculum" mean/ refer to? | This relates to Conflict Theorist's idea that schools teach children how to follow rules, be neat, to wait their turn, etc. - which is not part of the school's "regular" curriculum. |
| What do Conflict Theorist's believe is the purpose of the "hidden curriculum"? | These theorists believe that the purpose of this is to socialize children for their later roles in the workforce where it is important to be punctual and to comply with supervisor's directions. |
| What do Functionalist Theorists believe regarding schools as "agents of socialization"? | These theorists believe that the purposes of schools are: 1.) For socialization; 2.) For cultural transmission; 3.) To teach self-control & for personal development; 4.) To select, train, and place people into different social classes. |
| Which "agent of socialization" is considered the most important? | The family is considered this. |
| How are "the most important aspects of racial identity and attitudes toward other racial-ethnic groups" transmitted? | These attitudes are most importantly transmitted by a person's family. |
| List three (3) themes displayed in the movie "The Incredibles". | 1.) Crime and punishment; 2.) Husband and wife; 3.) Parents and children. (NOTE: You can use other themes besides these 3 if you would like.) |
| How were minorities portrayed in "The Incredibles"? | This group was portrayed as being "secondary" to caucasians in the movie. (EX: "Frozone" was shown in a "sidekick" type role.) |
| How were male and female gender roles portrayed in "The Incredibles"? | Males - Shown as being the ones who should work and make all of the money in the family;Females - Shown as being the ones who should stay home and care for children and take care of all domestic duties. |
| What are the "top 2" agents of socialization as we listed them in class? | 1.) The family; 2.) Mass media. |
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