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History Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| achaemenid | a relating to the dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553–330 BC).Was a diverse empire and population of 35 million. |
| medes | a member of an Iranian people who inhabited ancient Media, establishing an extensive empire during the 7th century BC, which was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 550 BCMedes and Persians migrated from central Asia to Persia before 1000 B.C.E. |
| pasargadae | capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great |
| Cambyses | Cambyses (reigned 530-522 B.C.E.), conquered Egypt in 525,Cambyses II son of Cyrus the Great, was King of Kings of Persia |
| darius | Darius (reigned 521-486 B.C.E.); largest extent of empire; population 35 million |
| Persepolis | Persepolis, literally meaning "city of Persians", was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire,520 B.C.E. |
| satrapies | Twenty-three satrapies (Persian governors), appointed by central government |
| Persian royal road | Communication systems: Persian Royal Road and postal stations |
| commonwealth | law, justice, administration led to political stability and public works |
| battle of marathon | took place in 490 BC, during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens |
| alexander of macedon | invaded Persia in 334 B.C.E.,the end of Achaemenid empire, in 331 B.C.E. Alexander burned the city of Persepolis |
| Seleucids | Seleucus inherited most of Achaemenid when Alexander died |
| parthians | The Parthians(empire), based in Iran, extend to Mesopotamia |
| mithradates I | established a empire through conquests from 171-155 B.C.E. |
| ctesiphon | was the capital city of the Parthian and Sasanian Empires |
| Sassanids | The Sasanids, from Persia, toppled Parthians; ruled 224-651 C.E. |
| Zoroastrianism | Zarathustra and his faith and it emerged from the teachings of Zarathustra |
| ahura Mazda | Visions; supreme god (Ahura Mazda) made Zarathustra prophet,and a supreme deity, with six lesser deities |
| magi | Teachings preserved later in writing, by magi |
| Gathas | The Gathas, Zarathustra's hymns in honor of deities |
| Manichaeism | dualistic religious system with Christian, Gnostic, and pagan elements, founded in Persia in the 3rd century by Manes ( circa 216– circa 276). |
Created by:
StephanieJ3102
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