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L21-39 KeyTerms&Pple
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Umayyads | a dynasty that ruled for 90 years |
| Berbers | people that lived in Northern Africa that converted to Islam and helped the empire move forward |
| Visigoths | a catholic member of the Goths |
| Charles Martel | Attacked the Muslims with his army of Franks |
| Franks | French |
| jizya | a head tax Christians and Jews had to pay |
| Talmud | the collection of Jewish law and tradition |
| bureaucracy | many different departments managed by workers appointed by the caliph or his representatives |
| zakat | 2.5 percent charity tax paid by Muslims |
| emir | governors appointed directly by the caliph |
| rabbi | a Jewish teacher |
| synagogue | a Jewish temple |
| Torah | the Jewish Bible |
| Arabic | the Arab language |
| Abd al Malik | a Muslim caliph that helped shape an influential Muslim culture: UMAYYAD CALIPH |
| Abd al Rahman | founder of Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba |
| Abbasids | family able to gain control of the Muslim Empire in the east |
| Baghdad | the new capital of the Muslim Empire |
| corriander | a plant used for medicinal powers |
| calligraphy | the art of fine handwriting; such as that practiced in Muslim art and writing |
| Tigris and Euphrates | rivers around Baghdad |
| algebra | a type of mathematics named after one of al Khwarizmi's books al jabr |
| House of Wisdom | a school in Baghdad |
| Mesopotamia | a country between two rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) that held the new Muslim capital |
| factions | opposing groups |
| arabesque | floral designs |
| Caliph al Ma'mun | founded the "House of Wisdom" |
| Avicenna | Ibn Sina: a leading Abbasid figure of medicine |
| Turks | people from Central Asia |
| ar-Razi | a Persian-born physician that wrote the first accurate description of smallpox and measels |
| Seljuk | a warrior |
| Abu Jafar al Mansur | moved the capital of the Muslim Empire from Damascus to Baghdad |
| al Khwarizmi | famous Abbasid mathematician |
| Fatimids | the descendants of Muhammad's daughter Fatima |
| Cordoba | ancient Roman City |
| Ladino | the Saphardic language |
| Great Mosque | The third largest mosque in the world |
| Aragon and Castille | the combined kingdoms of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella |
| Sephardic | a Jewish-Spanish culture |
| legacy | gift |
| Reconquest | when Christians took over part of Spain |
| Abd al Rahman III | The first Umayyad ruler of Spain |
| Abbas ibn Firnas | the first visiting scholar that came to teach music but began to explore the mechanics of flight |
| Moses Maimomides | a famous writer of Muslim Spain |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | the people that reconquered Spain and expelled Jews |
| Sahara | a desert in North Africa |
| Niger River | a river in W Africa, rising in S Guinea, flowing NE through Mali, and then SE through Nigeria into the Gulf of Guinea |
| savanna | a region of grasslands containing scattered trees and vegetation |
| Jenne-jeno | a city located in the country of Mali |
| sahel | a region known as "shore of the desert" |
| Nok | a city in present day Nigeria; The first West Africans to make iron |
| Senegal River | helped communication and transport in Ghana |
| Ghana Wangara | a part of Ghana with fields of gold |
| Mali | a country in West Africa |
| Koumbi Maghreb | a region ruled by the Berbers |
| matrilineal | throne given to nephew from sister |
| patrilineal | the throne given from father to son |
| Soninke Mandinke | people who descend from the Bafour and are closely related to the Imraguen of Mauritania |
| Almoravids | were a Berber dynasty of Morocco |
| Sanhaja Tuareg | one of the largest Berber tribal confederations of the Maghreb |
| Sumanguru | a king of Ghana, Africa |
| griot | an African storyteller |
| Timbuktu | a city in Africa; another trade center |
| Niana | Mali's capital |
| Gao | a city along the Niger River, the capital of the new Songhai Empire |
| Sundiata | a king of Mali, Africa |
| Mansa Musa | Mali's greatest ruler |
| Ibn Battuta | a north-African writer |
| Askia Muhammad | overthrew Sunni Ali's son and became king of the Songhai Empire, named Islam state religion |
| Songhai | a new empire out of Mali ruled by Sunni Ali |
| Sunni Ali | the first king of the Songhai Empire |
| Judar Pasha | Muslim Spaniard that took people into battle to conquer Songhai |
| millet | a wheat like grain |
| diviners | helped people interact with gods; communicated with the spirit world; had healing powers |
| clan | a group of close-knit and interrelated families |
| sorghum | a kind of grain; Sorghum is a genus of plants in the grass family |
| kinship | blood relationship |
| cassava | the starchy tuberous root of a tropical tree, used as food in tropical countries but requiring careful preparation to remove traces of cyanide from the flesh. |
| indigenous | native |
| ancestor worship | a way to honor relatives that they believe spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living. |
| manioc | another term for cassava. |
| ethnolinguistics | the study of various people through their languages |
| anopheles mosquito | causes malaria breeds in areas with standing water |
| tsetse fly | flies that could infect both humans and cattle with a fatal illness. |
| migrated Bantu | people from a village in Africa that moved to resettle |
| Khoikhoi | a non-Bantu people whose language sounds like a series of clicks; herd cattle |
| San | a non-Bantu people whose language sounds like a series of clicks; forced out of normal hunting grounds |
Created by:
aaldea
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