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Genetic unit vocab
genetic unit key vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heredity | mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| trait | a characteristic that is caused by genetics |
| gene | DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. |
| purebred | from parents of the same breed or variety. |
| hybrid | the result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species or genera. |
| offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child |
| allele | a variant form of a gene. |
| dominant | a dominant trait or gene. |
| recessive | a recessive trait or gene |
| phenotype | the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits. |
| genotype | DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules. |
| homozygous | When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive |
| heterozygous | having one each of two different alleles.having one each of two different alleles. |
| codominace | relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
| haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| mutations | permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. |
| insertion | the action of inserting something |
| deletion | The loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome |
| Substitution | where one base pair is replaced by a different base pair. The term also refers to the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with a different amino acid. |
| sex-linked gene | determines whether an individual is male or female. In humans and other mammals, the sex chromosomes are X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes, and males have an X and a Y. |
| carrier | a person who has a recessive allele for a trait |
| sex chromosomes | determines if it is a female or male |
| genetic disorder | a condition that someone inherits a trait |
| pedigree | a family tree |
| selective breeding | The process of selecting genes |
| inbreeding | Two identicals are crossed together |
| hybridization | two differents are crossed together |
| clone | Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. |
| genetic engineering | The transfer of one gene to another |
| gene therapy | copies of genes |
| heredity | passing of physical characteristics from parents |
| trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
| gene | factor that controls traits |
| hybrid | two different alleles for a trait |
| purebred | an offspring for many generations |
| alleles | different forms of genes |
| meiosis | the process of cell division |
| offspring | reproduction of a new organism produced by one or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two parents. |
Created by:
jmccartha12
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