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American History
to help me study for midterms!!!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | period between 1866 & 1877 where attempts were made to reconstruct a war-torn south and incorporate former slaves into society |
| Bargain of 1877 | (compromise of 1877) northern and southern whites agreed that national union was more important than civil rights |
| Second Industrial Revolution | -made possible by railroad |
| Advent/expansion of railroad | -responsible for 2nd indust. revolution -made expansion possible -affected entire ecoonomy -time zones -national gauge |
| social darwinism | "survival of the fittest" in society -national superiority -justified slavery -"deserving" and "undeserving" poor -against gov't interference -"liberalism" freedom to conduit business |
| labor movement | -movement to city and urban areas for work -factories |
| Little Bighorn | -General Custer defeated by Sioux and Cheyenne -elimination of treaty system |
| Wounded Knee | -massacre of 150-200 Native Americans (mostly woman, children, elderly) -end of 400 years of indigenous resistance to settler invasion |
| Dawes Act | land formerly owned by native americans sectioned off and sold to white settlers |
| The knights of labor | first national union |
| farmers alliance | -formerly farmer's revolt -high prices for transport -loans have excessive intrest - largest citizens movement of 19th century****** |
| subtreasury plan | a plan to revolutionize credit and marketing arrangements for crops, such as cotton |
| peoples/populists party | advocated variety of reform issues: -income tax -"free silver" -postal savings -regulation of railroads -election of senators -william jennings bryan |
| segregation in south | -"separate but equal" -blacks as second class citizens Plessy vs. Ferguson |
| south at end of reconstruction | -"redeemers" -white supremacy -Jim crow laws -"colorblindness" -convict labor |
| "rise of the redeemers" | -wanted to "redeem" south back to white power -tried to undo reconstruction |
| new immigration | -influx of immigrants to American in search of opportunity |
| nativism | -anti-immigrant feelings |
| Chinese exclusion | -put limits on Chinese immigrant quota -larger # of Chinese on west coast *****1882: all chinese immigration excluded!!!! |
| 14th amendment | guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves |
| 15th amendment | prohibited discrimination voting privileges on basis of race |
| freedmen's bureau | est. by congress to help former slaves and poor whites; very progressive |
| entire economy suffered or profited based around the state of the ___________ | railroad!!!!! |
| frederick jackson turner's thesis | frontier thesis significance of frontier in us history |
| tape vs. hurley | -Chinese exclusion court case "is it a disgrace to be born Chinese?" "Didn't God make us all?" |
| Yick Wo vs. HOpkins | -Chinese exclusion court case -1886 |
| US vs. Wong Kim Ark | -Chinese exclusion court case |
| Fong Yue Ting | -Chinese exclusion court case -1904 -court authorized federal gov't to expel Chinese aliens w/out die process of law |
| Booker T. Washington | -industrial education -economic self-help -accommodationist |
| accommodationist | -booker t washington -better to make yourself marketable by becoming educated than to waste energy fighting for equal rights |
| American Labor Federation (AFL) | -increasingly exclusive skilled labor -represented about 23% of working force -excluded: women, blacks, new immigrants, Chinese -gave credit to "knights of labor" |
| Platt Amendment | "American amendment on Cuban constitution" |
| Teller Amendment | "the U.S. would help Cuba gain independence and then withdraw all its troops from the country" |
| Monroe Doctrine | no one else could colonize in the "new world" (western hemisphere) or else US would interfere |
| White man's burden | "Uplift, Civilize, Christianize" |
| Insular cases | supreme court ruled that protection of constitutional rights did not fully apply to those in "insular territories" the US acquired during Spanish-American war |
| Progressivism | broad-based reform movement that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of american life: -education -public health -economy -labor -politics |
| Muckrakers | -exposing -lewis hine: photography -upton sinclair: author of The Jungle |
| The Jungle | -book by Upton Sinclair -led to Pure Food and Drug act and meat inspection act |
| Fordism | -Henry Ford -assembly line -mass consumption -mass production -paid workers more -anti-union |
| Taylorism | -Frederick Taylor -micro-management -streamline production -very controlling -profit boost -not favorable to workers |
| Keating-Owen Act | addressed child-labor |
| Panama Canal | canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Its construction, begun by France in 1881, was completed by the US, 1904–14 |
| Woodrow Wilson | -"progressive-era" president -moral imperialism -self-determination -wilsonianism -WWI -14 points |
| Mexican Revolution | "a major armed struggle ca. 1910–20 that radically transformed Mexican politics and society" |
| 14 points | -Woodrow wilson -league of nations, ect, ect |
| Russian Revolution | -1917 - tsarist regime overthrown& replaced by Bolshevik rule (Lenin) |
| socialism | -populism evolves to socialism -strong in former populist areas -eugene debs |
| What led to US entering WWI? | -propaganda -the sinking of the Lusitania -Zimmerman telegraph |
| Great migration | large migration of blacks to the north for jobs and opportunities (around WWI times) |
| versailles treaty | - harsh document that likely led to WWII - Germany took the brunt of the punishment |
| prohibition | the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, esp. in the US between 1920 and 1933 |
| 1920's | -conspicuous consumption -flappers -corruption |
| Second KKK | -worse than the first -targeted blacks, catholics, jews, feminists, gays |
| feminism and women's liberties | -demanding vote and equal liberties -flappers -lliberation |
| scopes trial | -trail of John Scopes -teacher accused of violating law & teaching evolution |
| Theodore Roosevelt | -square deal -anti-trust movement -conservationists -enforced ICC (railroad) |
| Pure Food and Drug act and meat inspection act | -due to reaction to "The Jungle" by Upton sinclair -Roosevelt |
| moral imperialism | -moral richeousness -"civilizing" missions/progressive white man's burden -mexican revolution -american military action in latin america |
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erosies
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