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Products of AA Metab
USCSOM: Special products of Amino Acid Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the special products of AA metabolism? | creatine, glycine conjugates, neurotransmitters, NO, purines, Heme |
| Where does creatine synthesis begin? | kidney |
| Where does creatine synthesis end? | liver |
| What are the first two reactants in creatine synthesis? | Gly Arg |
| Gly and Arg combine to form what two products in creatine synthesis? | Orn and guanidinoacetate |
| What two immediate reactants form creatine? | guanidinoacetate and SAM |
| Creatine is phosphorylated to form creating phosphate via what enzyme? | creatine phosphokinase |
| What is measured to determine muscle and brain cell damage? | serum creatine phosphokinase levels (CK) |
| What kind of CK is found in the brain mostly? | CK1, BB |
| What kind of CK is found primarily in the heart? | CK2, MB |
| What kind of CK is found primarily in the skeletal muscle? | CK3, MM |
| Many AAs are decarboxylated by reactions that require what enzyme? | pyridoxal phosphate |
| Glutamate is decarboxylate to form what inhibitory neurotransmitter? | GABA |
| Histidine is decarboxylated by PLP to form what? | histamine |
| What is the physiological effect of histamine? | vaso-dilation, broncho-constriction |
| The decarboxylation of ornathine produces what polyamine precrusor? | putrescine |
| Putresence is a precursor to what two polyamines? | spermine and spermidine |
| What is formed from the decarboxylation of Ser with Palmitoyl CoA? | Sphingosine |
| What is formed from the decarboxylation of tryptophan? | serotonin, melatonin, nicotinamide |
| What hormones are produced from the decarboxylation of Tyr? | catecholamines |
| What is seratonins physiological function? | vasoconstrictor and smooth mm contraction |
| What is the course from Trp to melatonin? | Trp, 5-OH-Trp, Serotonin, N-Acetylserotonin, melatonin |
| What AA is the precursor for L-DOPA? | Tyrosine |
| Tyrosine can be synthesized by what AA? | phenylalanine |
| What is required to form Dopa from Tyr? | tyr hydroxylase, BH4 |
| What is required to form NorEpi from Dopamine? | dopamine hydroxylase, copper, vitC |
| What is required to form Epi from NorEpi? | SAM |
| What AA are directly neurotransmitters? | Glu, Gly |
| What AA forms GABA? | Glu |
| What AA forms catecholamines? | Tyr |
| What AA forms serotonin? | Trp |
| Catecholamines are deactivated by what three steps of degredation? | oxidative deamination, oxidation, O-methylation |
| Oxidative deamination is catalyzed by what enzyme in the break down of catecholamines? | monoamine oxidase (MAO) |
| What is COMT? | chatecholamine O-methyl transferase |
| What AA precursor is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide? | Arg |
| NO synthase produces what two products from Arg? | NO and Citrulline |
| NO synthase exists in what two tissue-specific forms? | 1 - overproduction of NO in macrophages; 2 - vascular endothelium vasodilation |
| What are the cascade of effects from NO in smooth muscles cells? | NO stimulates guanylate cyclase, produces cGMP, stimulates relaxation |
| What drug is frequently used by patients with angina pectoris? | nitroglycerin |
Created by:
jlellerm
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