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6 The New Republic
JAHKMLHS C6 The New Republic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| administration | This term refers to the officials in the executive branch of government. |
| precedent | This term refers to acts or statements that become traditions to be followed. |
| Cabinet | This is the group of federal leaders who head the major departments of the executive branch and advise the President. |
| tariff | This is a tax on imported goods. |
| strict construction | This interpretation of the Constitution held that the Federal government may do only those “things” specifically stated in the Constitution. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | This uprising was a result of part of Hamilton’s plan to raise money for the Federal government through the imposition of an excise tax. |
| political party | This is a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy. |
| Democratic Republican | This political party was headed by Jefferson and believed that the Federal government should remain small and enact only those laws which were expressly permitted in the Constitution. |
| Alexander Hamilton | This man was the first Secretary of the Treasury. |
| John Jay | This man was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | This law established the Supreme Court as well as circuit courts. |
| loose construction | This view of Constitutional interpretation held that the Federal government may do “things” that are implied in the Constitution. |
| Bank of the United States | This institution was to be 80% funded by private investors and 20% by the federal government and would provide a repository for federal monies. |
| assumption | This part of Hamilton’s financial plan involve the taking up of all state debts remaining from the Revolutionary War and adding them to the Federal debt. |
| Residence Act of 1790 | This law was the result of the bargain struck at a Jefferson dinner party. The law stipulated that the Federal capital would reside in Philadelphia for 10 years and then move to an area on the banks of the Potomac River. |
| Tariff of 1789 | This piece of legislation was another part of Hamilton’s plan and was designed to protect trade and to raise revenues for the federal government. |
| Thomas Jefferson | This man was the first Secretary of State. |
| John Adams | This man was the first Vice President of the United States. |
| Henry Knox | This man was the first Secretary of War. |
| Edmund Randolph | This man was the first Attorney General. |
| Pierre Charles L’Enfant | This man was given the job of designing the layout of the permanent capital of the United States. |
| April 30, 1789 | George Washington officially became out first President on this date. |
| Little Turtle | This Indian was the war chief of the Miamis and Shawnees who caused Washington problems in the Northwest Territory. |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | This was an important victory for the United States army against the Indians of the Northwest Territory. |
| John Jay | This man had negotiated a treaty with Great Britain in 1794. Americans were outraged at the terms of the treaty. |
| XYZ Affair | This event was Adam’s designation of the attempt to obtain bribes from United States delegates to France. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | This series of laws strengthened the Democratic-Republican party and made John Adams a very unpopular President. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | These were written in reaction to especially the Sedition Act and were composed by Madison and Jefferson respectively. |
| Aaron Burr | This man lost the Presidency to Jefferson in 1801 when the Federalists in the House of Representatives were convinced to vote for Jefferson. |
| Pinckney’s Treaty | This treaty between the United States and Spain opened up the Mississippi River for shipments by western farmers. |
| Treaty of Greenville | In this treaty the Indians of the Northwest Territory surrendered their claims to lands in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territory. |
| nullification | This concept begins to arise in 1798 and suggests that states have the right to put aside a federal law that the state deems to be unconstitutional. |
| election of 1796 | This resulted in the selection of a Federalist for President and a Democratic-Republican for Vice-President. |
| “Mad” Anthony Wayne | This man trained his army for several months and then defeated the Indians in the Northwest Territory in 1794 in a battle fought where a tornado has uprooted many of the trees. |
| neutrality proclamation | Washington issued this statement to indicate that the United States was not taking sides in the war between England and France. |
| Edmund Genet | This French minister to the United States tried to win Jeffersonian-Republican support by outfitting privateers in American ports and raising an army to wage war against Spanish possessions in North America. |
| John Marshall | This man rounded out the triumvirate of envoys to France and was later appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by John Adams. |
| Tecumseh | This man, a Shawnee chieftain, and his brother (known to the Americans as The Prophet) attempted to end the sale of additional lands to the whites and to resist alcohol and other troublesome temptations of the competing culture. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | The battle in the Northwest territories in which the Prophet was discredited as a leader because of his inability to ensure the promised invincibility from the opponents' bullets |
| War Hawks | These were a group of Southern and Western members of the House of Representatives who wanted the United States to stand firm and defend its national honor against the British policy of seizing former British sailors off of American. |
| War of 1812 | This conflict should never have taken place since the initial cause had already been rescinded in Parliament. |
| Andrew Jackson | This man led an army through Creek (Red Stick) territory and destroyed their power. He became an American hero for his victory at New Orleans. |
| Francis Scott Key | This lawyer was aboard a British ship attempting to bring about a prisoner exchange when the British attacked Baltimore. As he watched the bombardment, he began to write a poem that reflected what he saw. |
| “The Star Spangled Banner” | This poem was written to commemorate the failed attempt of the British to destroy Fort McHenry. |
| Battle of New Orleans | This battle was fought after the peace treaty concluding the War of 1812 had been signed in Europe, and yet was the most decisive battle of the war and the one that would live on longest in American memory. |
| Hartford Convention | This was a secret meeting of Federalist Party delegates from New England states who opposed the War of 1812. This meeting became the death knell for the Federalist Party. |
| Nonintercourse Act | We would trade with France or Britain whichever of those countries lifted their restrictions on American shipping |
| Constitution | During the War of 1812, to the surprise of both the Americans and the British, she defeated four English warships, and her legend grew into the national icon that “Old Ironsides” remains to this day. |
| December 24, 1814 | On this date the treaty ending the War of 1812 is signed in Europe. |
| Dolley Madison | She saved the portrait of George Washington when the British burned the “White House.” |
| Horseshoe Bend | The defeat of the Creeks by Andrew Jackson in this battle opened large parts of Alabama and Georgia to settlement. |
| Henry Clay | This Kentuckian Representative was the Speaker of the House. He was a strong supporter of the War of 1812 and participated in the treaty negotiations that ended the war in Belgium. |
| Oliver Hazard Perry | This man defeated British forces on Lake Erie, a turning point in the War of 1812. After the battle his message to William Henry Harrison, "We have met the enemy and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one schooner, one sloop." |
| William Henry Harrison | This man led troops in the Battle of Tippecanoe in Prophetstown was burned to the ground and the Native Americans lost faith in Tenskwatawa, Tecumseh’s brother. |
| James Madison | This man was President during the War of 1812, and many Federalists referred to the war as “his war.” |
| Treaty of Ghent | This marked the official end of the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain. |
| Fort McHenry | This protected Baltimore harbor from an attack by the British during the War of 1812. |
| Battle of the Thames (1813) | This was the last battle of the war in the Northwest, and the Native American chief Tecumseh was killed in it. |
| February 16, 1815 | The Senate ratifies the treaty ending the War of 1812 on this date. |
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