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HNRS HIST UNIT 2 TST
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian Honors Hist. Unit 2 Test 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ____________________ were Colonists who agreed to work for several years in tobacco fields without pay in exchange for their transatlantic voyage. | Indentured servants. |
| What products did the New England colonies produce that made them the second largest "economic powerhouse" among the 13 Colonies? | Whales/ whale oil |
| What product made Virginia the number one economic powerhouse among the 13 Colonies? | (Spanish) tobacco. |
| List the names of the four (4) New England Colonies. | 1.) Rhode Island; 2.) New Hampshire; 3.) Connecticut; 4.) Massachusetts |
| List the names of the four (4) Middle Colonies. | 1.) New York; 2.) New Jersey; 3.) Pennsylvania; 4.) Delaware. |
| List the names of the five (5) Southern Colonies. | 1.) Virginia; 2.) Maryland; 3.) North Carolina; 4.) South Carolina; 5.) Georgia. |
| What does the term "Enlightenment" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a 16th century intellectual movement that began in Europe and spread to the Colonies. |
| What did Enlightenment Thinkers believe where religion was concerned? | This group of people believed in "Deism". |
| List three (3) beliefs of the Deist religion. | 1.) This group believed that the universe operated according to logical, natural laws, without divine intervention; 2.) They also denied the existence of miracles after Creation; 3.) Rejected the value of prayer "in this rational universe". |
| Who was Jean - Jacques Rousseau? | He was an Enlightenment thinker and Social Contract theorist. |
| What does the term "Social Contract" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the idea that people must surrender some of their natural rights in exchange for protection of their personal rights & privileges. |
| What was the economic system of the Middle Colonies centered around? | These Colonies had an economy centered around agriculture - especially grains such as wheat. This is what earned this region the nickname the "bread basket" colonies. |
| List two (2) non-agricultural, economic activities that took place in the Middle Colonies. | 1.) Manufacturing iron ore products such as cooking pots and nails; 2.) Mills for grinding wheat into flour. |
| What was the economic system of the Southern Colonies centered around? | These Colonies had an economy centered around agriculture - particularly the growth of crops that were considered "labor intensive" (EX: cotton). |
| What was one (1) huge advantage the the New England Colonies had over the Middle and Southern Colonies where its economic structure was concerned? | These Colonies were largely unaffected by weather events (such as droughts). They were able to go whaling during any season of the year, providing them with a consistent source of income. |
| Why did some farmers in the Southern Colonies turn to plantation agriculture? | Some did this in the hopes that - if a weather event such as a drought - occurred, at least SOME crops would survive, providing them with a little income. |
| What group of people in the Colonies were able to afford books written by European Enlightenment thinkers? | Wealthy Colonists were the only ones able to afford books written by this group of people. This meant that wealthy New England Colonists were most affected by Enlightenment ideas. |
| List one (1) example of a situation in which religious toleration was NOT practiced by Colonists. | One instance of this was the fact that Catholics were not allowed to vote or hold office once Rhode Island took these rights away from their Colonists in 1729. |
| What does the term "established churches" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to Colonial churches that were supported by taxes. |
| List the names of the two (2) preachers who were stirred to build "log colleges" to train "fiery" preachers when the Great Awakening started. | 1,) William Tennent Jr.; 2.) Theodore Frelinghuysen |
| What event "sparked" the events known as the "Great Awakening"? | When two preachers noticed that preachers in local churches - especially in the New England Colonies - had turned to "cold preaching" (intellectual, not Spiritual, sermons). |
| Who was Jonathan Edwards? | He was a preacher who had been trained at a "log college" during the Great Awakening. He decided to begin holding religious revivals in Massachusetts since he saw it as the area where the most people had left their churches. |
| Who was George Whitefield? | He was a revivalist preacher who conducted religious revivals beginning in South Carolina and going north, all the way to Maine. Felt that ALL of the Colonies needed to hear his revivalist message. |
| What is the difference between "Old Light" and "New Light" Congregationalists? | "Old Light" = Preferred the older style of preaching; "New Light" = Preferred the preaching style practiced by revivalists during the "Great Awakening". |
| Did poor Colonists tend to be "Old Light" or "New Light" Congregationalists? | These Colonists tended to side with "Old Light" Congregationalists. |
| What was the House of Burgesses? | First locally elected legislative body in the Colonies. |
| List three (3) facts that we learned about Colonial governors who held office during the period we are studying. | 1.) They were appointed by King George; 2.) Often, they were chosen only because they were loyal to the king, not because they were good administrators; 3.) They tended to have lax enforcement policies where Colonial law was concerned. |
| What does the term "salutary neglect" mean/ refer to? | This term meant that the government was satisfied with lax enforcement of most regulations as long as the Colonies remained dutifully loyal in military & economic matters. |
| What does the term "corporate colony" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "self-governing Colonies that were not directly under the control of proprietors or the Crown (i.e. the king or queen of England). |
| List the names of the two (2) "corporate colonies". | 1.) Connecticut; 2.) Rhode Island. |
| List the four (4) powers that were granted to local (i.e. Colonial) assemblies. | 1.) Authority to raise taxes; 2.) Authority to pay government salaries; 3.) Authority to direct the care of the poor; 4.) Authority to maintain roads and bridges. |
| What did Colonists believe based on the fact that local assemblies had been granted certain powers by the Crown (i.e. the king or queen of England)? | Colonists believed that this indicated the acceptance of a two-tiered system of government: a central government, based in England, that created & executed imperial policy & local governments to manage Colonial domestic affairs. |
| What did British leaders believe where the idea of a two-tiered system of Colonial government was concerned? | This group of people believed that this system did not exist. They said that Colonial Assemblies had NOT been granted a share of the British government's sovereign power. |
| What was the French and Indian War called in Europe? | This war was called the Seven Years' War. |
| What was largely responsible for triggering the French and Indian War? | This war was triggered by the settlement of English Colonists in the Ohio River Valley. This angered the French, who had plans to connect Louisiana and Canada with a chain of ports, trading posts, religious missions. |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | This was an attempt by 7 Colonial representatives to unite the Colonies and organize a united defense against attacks by the French and their Native American allies. This plan failed. |
| List two (2) of the outcomes of the French and Indian War/ | 1.) The French surrendered all of their lands west of the Mississippi River to the British; 2.) France gave control of Louisiana to Spain. |
| List the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War. | The name of this treaty was the Treaty of Paris of 1763. |
| List the names of two (2) Native American tribes that became involved in the French and Indian War. | 1.) The Cherokee; 2.) The Iroquois. |
| What did Colonial leaders hope would happen when they rejected the Albany Plan of Union? | This group of people hoped that the British government would act on their behalf and defend them, which they did. |
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