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UNIT 1 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| limited | government's power is limited; (officials must also follow laws and cannot take advantage of their positions) |
| unlimited | government's power is not limited in any way; (can do anything; leaders rule without restriction) |
| constitutional | example of a limited government; government which gets its power from a constitution (plan of government) |
| totalitarian | example of unlimited government; government with control over all aspects of life (does not allow dissent) |
| monarchy | rule by one person can be limited or unlimited constitutional or absolute usually a king or queen, and inherited |
| dictatorship | rule by one person unlimited power |
| oligarchy | a few people have power and control the government |
| republic | government in which power belongs to the citizens who give power to elected representatives who make decisions for them |
| democracy | government in which citizens make decisions either directly or indirectly |
| direct | type of democracy; people vote themselves on all decisions |
| representative (indirect) | type of democracy; people elect representatives to make decisions for them |
| communism | political and economic system in which the government controls the economy and owns the businesses; government controls life; (one political party runs government) |
| socialism | economic system in which many businesses are owned and run by the government; government makes most economic decisions; (produce things for use, not for profit); (equality of individual wealth); (lack of competition in economy) |
| free enterprise (capitalism) | economic system in which people own the businesses and make the economic decisions; (businesses can be run for profit); (limited government intervention) |
| agriculture | economic sector; farming and ranching |
| manufacturing | economic sector; produces goods in a factory |
| services | economic sector; does something (work) for someone |
| import | product shipped into a country |
| export | product shipped out of a country |
| primary sources | evidence produced by someone who participated in an event or lived during the time being studied; diary, personal letters |
| secondary sources | descriptions or interpretations prepared by people who were not involved in the events described; textbooks, encyclopedias |
| century | a period of 100 years |
| culture trait | is a specific tradition a culture has |
| multiculturalism | is the existence of many cultures in one area or country |
| cultural diffusion | is the process of spreading a culture to new areas |
| globilization | is the development of one world culture and an interdependent economy (economy where all countries depend on each other) |
| culture region | is an area of the world in which most people share a similar culture (have one or more culture traits in common) |
| 7 continents | Asia, Antarctica, Europe, Africa, Australia, North America, South America |
| 4 oceans | Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic |
| absolute location | specific point on the earth's surface, often found using latitude and longitude |
| relative location | location of something in relation to something else, often using other landmarks or features |
| continent | very large landmass on the earth |
| country | a state or nation |
| state | a nation with its own government occupying a particular territory |
| nation | a large group of people with something in common like language, culture, ethnicity, and history, often having its own government |
| population density | number of people per square mile |
| urban | relating to a city |
| rural | relating to the countryside |
| transportation corridor | provides an easy way to move goods and people from one place to another; increases trade and migration |
| transportation barrier | slows or prevents easy movement; decreases trade and migration |
| latitude | horizontal lines; run east-west; measure distances north and south of the Equator; parallel-always same distance apart and never touch each other; also called Parallels; range from 0-90 degrees North and South |
| longitude | vertical lines; run north-south; measure distances east and west of the Prime Meridian; not parallel-join at the poles; also called Meridians; range from 0-180 degrees East and West |
| equator | 0 degrees Latitude |
| prime meridian | 0 degrees Longitude |
| International Date Line | 180 degrees Longitude |
| hemispheres | half of the earth; Northern and Southern; Western and Eastern |
| Tropic of Cancer | about 23 degrees North of the equator |
| Tropic of Capricorn | about 23 degrees South of the equator |
| tropics | the area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn; hot |
| Arctic Circle | about 66 degrees North of the equator |
| Antarctic Circle | about 66 degrees South of the equator |
| polar region | from the Arctic and Antarctic Circles to the poles; cold |
| physical | type of map that shows landforms, water features, and elevation |
| political | type of map that shows the names and boundaries of countries |
| specialized (thematic) | types of maps that show one specific subject or theme, such as climate or population density |
| legend/key | explains the lines, symbols, and colors used on a map |
| scale | shows the ratio between the distance on the map and the distance in real life |
| elevation | shows the height above sea level |
| compass rose | shows which way is north |
| culture | a way of life for a group of people |
| culture elements | categories of things that cultures have in common |
| 15 culture elements are | food, clothing, music, art, architecture, language, religion, holidays, sports/recreation,traditions, transportation, technology, education, government, economy |
Created by:
Mrs.Young
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