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Lipids
Biochemistry, Medicine, Phase 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lipids | triacylglyerols; hydrophobic (insoluble in water) but soluble in fat and organic solvents |
| Long hydrocarbon lipids | fatty acids |
| Multiple linked aromatic rings | steroids |
| Triacylglycerols (TAG)/ triglycerides | ester of 3 fatty acids plus glycerol; used for long-term energy storage; stored in adipose tissue; fatty acid tails are released and broken down into two-carbon units |
| Fatty acid (FA)/ non-esterfied fatty acid (NEFA) | molecule that has two chemically distinct regions; a hydrocarbon tail and a carbozylic acid head; long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids CH3(CH2)nCOOH; metabolised via beta-oxidation pathway to generate ATP (same pathway as glucose) |
| hydrocarbon tail | long chain which is hydrophobic and a not very chemically reactive ; part of a fatty acid |
| carboxyl (-COOH) group head | which behaves as an acid, ionises in aqueous solution is extremely hydrophilic and chemically reactive; links almost all fatty acid molecules to other molecules |
| Ampiphathic | molecules that possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions |
| Saturated fatty acid tails | found in meat and dairy products; three straight fatty acid chains (tricylglycerol); no double bounds between its carbon atoms and contains the maximum number of hydrogens |
| Unsaturated fatty acid tails | found in plants oils; may be mono- or polyunsaturated i.e. containing one or more double bond between its carbon atoms; results in non-straight fatty acids |
| palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) | examples of saturated fatty acids |
| oleic acid (C18:1) | examples of unsaturated fatty acids |
| linoleic acid (C:18:2, 9:12) | examples of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids; an essential fatty acid |
| Phospholipids | glycerol + 2FA and + phosphate containing group |
| Glycolipids | glycerol + 2FA + sugars |
| Phospholipid bilayer membrane | amphiphatic; polar (Carboxyl) group, non-polar FA tail, spontaneous form bi-layer in aqueous membrane |
| Steroids | common multi-ring structure; cholesterol from diet and de novo synthesis; cholesterol has important role in membrane fluidity |
| Cholesterol | precursor of steroid hormones e.g. testosterone, oestrogen, cortisol |
Created by:
emmaallde
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