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WGU IOC4 Module 3
Colonies and Explorers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spanish Explorers | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado / Hernan Cortes / Hernando de Soto |
| English Explorers | John Cabot / Sir Francis Drake / John Smith / Henry Hudson / Sir Walter Raleigh |
| French Explorers | Jacques Cartier / Samuel de Champlain / Sieur de La Salle |
| Italian Explorers | Christopher Columbus / Amerigo Vespucci / Giovanni da Verazzano |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Sought the fabled 7 Cities of Cibola. Failed |
| Hernan Cortes | 1518. Set sail for Mexico. Adversary was Montezuma (Atzec Emperor). His victory and other conquests (Peru) transformed his Mother Country to the wealthiest European nation. |
| Hernando de Soto | Sought gold and glory trekking across southeast Florida to the Mississippi River. |
| John Cabot | Venetian sea captain. Recorded 1st transatlantic voyage by an English vessel (1497). Landed in Nova Scotia and New Foundland(1480). |
| Sir Francis Drake | 1586. Accidentally landed in Roanoke and took the colonists home with him. |
| John Smith | Mapped Chesapeake Bay, traded with Indians for food and was rescued from execution by Pocahontas. |
| Henry Hudson | 1609. Sought NW passage to China. Sailed up the river with his name and claimed this area for Holland. Sponsored by the Dutch West India Company. They set up 2 permanent settlements here: Fort Orange (Albany) and New Amsterdam (NYC). |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | 1584. Dispatched 2 captains to the coast of present day NC and called the land VA in honor of his Queen. 1585. Transported men to Roanoke Island. 1587. 2nd colony to Roanoke of men, women and children. By 1590 the colony was deserted. |
| Jacques Cartier | 1534. Sailed in search of NW passage to China. Failed but located Canada. |
| Samuel de Champlain | 1608. Re-discovered and founded Quebec. |
| Sieur de La Salle | 1682. Traveled all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. |
| Christopher Columbus | Sailed for Spain. Sailed 4 voyages seeking NW passage to China. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Sailed for Portugal. Both N and S America were named for him though originally it was only intended for S America. |
| Giovanni Da Verazanno | Sailed for France. Sought NW Passage to China. Failed |
| Columbian Exchange | Exchange of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between Europe and the Americas from 1st contact throughout the Era of Exploration. |
| Pre-colonial Civilizations | Maya, Inca, Aztec, Pawnee, Nez Perce |
| Maya | Covered much of present day Guatemala, Belize, and Southern Mexico including the Yucaton Peninsula. Large stone temples. Farmers: Maize, cotton, beans, squash and cacao. Scribes developed glyphs (pictures). Used 0 b/f Europeans. |
| Inca | Present day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. At it's peak largest tribe with 20 languages and 12 million people. Strong army / fierce conquerors. |
| Aztec | Present day Mexico. Thriving culture. 5 million people in 500 cities. Society strictly divided into nobles and laborers/servants/slaves. Religion required daily human sacrifice often using prisoners of war to help sun rise the next day. |
| Huitziopochtli | Sun god of the Aztecs. He battled the moon and stars every night b/f rising again each morning. |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital city. |
| Nez Perce | Lived in the NW territory and Great Plains. |
| Pawnee | Lived by the Platte River, Nebraska |
| Iroquois | Inhabited the banks of the Hudson River to Lake Erie |
| Roanoke | This colony had 2 failed attempts. Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh. |
| Jamestown | This colony sought rubies and diamonds as the Virginia Company but rather found death and despair. They traded with Indians for food and used tobacco as main source of income. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | This colony's governor was James Winthrop. They went as families, thrived, and lived in peace. |
| Plymouth | The Pilgrims started this colony. With the help of William Bradford, Massassoit, and Squanto they survived. |
| Mayflower Compact | The Pilgrims originally sought VA but landed in New England where they had no authority to form a civil govt. This led to the creation of this agreement aboard the Mayflower. |
| Great Migration | 1630's and early 1640's. Brought approximately 20,000 to New England. |
| Maryland | Refuge for Catholics. Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) was the driving force behind this colony and later his son Cecelius. Attracted both Protestants and Catholics. They were friendly with the local indians and prospered. |
| Carolina | Started by 8 English Proprietors who had been loyal to the Stuarts during their exile. Given as re-payment of loyalty. |
| Caribbean Connection | In 1670, a contingent of the planter elite came from Barbados to the Carolinas. Many of the early planters owned property in the Caribbean and the Carolinas, thus leading to an interaction between the regions. |
| New Jersey | Granted accidentally by the Duke to 2 courtiers, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. There were quarrels and eventually as land was sold to Quakers the land was split into E and W. Both failed, the Crown re-merged the land into a royal colony. |
| Georgia | Founded as an act of aggression toward Spain. Governed by James Oglethorpe it was originally intended as an asylum for those in debt in England. With strict land, and anti-slave and rum laws few sought it out. Eventually laws lessened. |
| Headright System | 50 acre lot with small annual rent. For each servant brought they received an additional headright. |
| Indentured Servitude | Dominant form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies b/f slavery. The servant is contracted to serve master for set # of yrs and then receives cost of boat transport to America in exchange. Most often lied to and not upheld. |
| Conquistadors | 16th century adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdues the native Americans and created the Spanish Empire in the New World. |
| Encomienda System | Designed by Spanish rulers to reward conquistadors in the New World with local villages and control over native labor. |
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Joy3355
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