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Civil War Causes
Mrs. Barr's Social Studies Class 8th Grade
| Term | Definition | Definition 2 (If Necassary) |
|---|---|---|
| Missouri Compromise | ~Occurred in 1820 ~Maine was admitted to the Union as a free state and Missouri was entered a slave state ~All of the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri, except Missouri, would be free | |
| Nullification Doctrine | During Jackson’s presidency Written in the style of the Articles of Confederation by John C. Calhoun as a result of the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Calhoun argued that the Constitution was an agreement amongst sovereign states | Declared that states could block the enforcement of federal laws Declared that if the federal government intervened to collect the tariff, then South Carolina would secede from the Union |
| Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 | Congress passed a high tariff on goods Proceeds of the tariff would help the North exclusively South Carolina proclaimed these to be null and void If the government intervened to collect the tariff, then South Carolina would secede | Unable to win support for its position from other states, South Carolina repealed its tariff nullification |
| Compromise of 1850 | Disagreement occurred because of the territory gained from the Mexican War Agreement brokered by Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser” Included the stipulation that California enter the Union as a free state | Passage of this law included a strong fugitive slave law – most controversial part of the bill Banned the slave trade in Washington, D.C. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Stated that a slave catcher was to bring his captive before a federal commissioner All that was required for a slave-owner or any white witness to swear that the suspect was the slave-owner's property Enraged Northerners | ~Required U.S. Marshals to aid in capturing escaped slaves Payment guidelines for the slave catchers and commissioner were viewed as unfair and prejudiced Federal government, as decreed, was responsible for the cost/expenses of catching escaped slaves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Law engineered by Stephan Douglas Slavery in these territories would be decided by popular sovereignty Resulted in “Bleeding Kansas,” in which proslavery and antislavery settlers clashed Kansas, as a result, had two governments | Frustration and tension from this act led to violence in the U.S. Senate, when a congressman physically assaults a senator |
| John Brown's Raid | An antislavery settler from Connecticut who committed violence in Kansas before his raid His goal was to raise an army and then free enslaved people in the South Unsuccessful slave revolt at Harpers Ferry in Virginia | Hanged for treason in 1859 Northerners considered this person a maytr |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debate | Between Republican candidate (Lincoln) and Democratic senator (Douglas) Met in small Illinois towns to share their views on slavery should not be spread to the new Western territories Made Abraham Lincoln famous throughout the country | ~“A house divided against itself cannot stand” Douglas promoted popular sovereignty Gave speeches stating that slavery |
| Dred Scott Decision | Dred Scott was a black man Sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived where slavery was illegal The Supreme Court rules that no black man, free or slave, was a U.S. citizen; Scott was considered property | Stated that Congress never that the right to ban slavery in the territories Made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional that no black man had the right to sue in federal court Supreme Court ruled against Scott on two grounds |
| The Election of 1860 | John Breckinridge is the leading candidate in the South Lincoln won in every free state, but he only received 40% of the popular vote In response, South Carolina secedes, followed by six more states | |
| US-Mexican War | President Polk sends General Taylor to provoke Mexican troops U.S. wanted to annex Texas (idea of Manifest Destiny) War was very popular with Americans Receive land from the Mexican Cession, for which the U.S. paid $18 million | Led to the Wilmot Proviso, in which legislation was passed trying to prevent slavery in the territories gained from the war ~Prior to the skirmish, Texas territory secedes from Mexico Captured Mexico City |
| Nat Turner's Raid | Slave revolt that occurred in Virginia in 1831 Resulted in the passage of aggressive slave laws, including the prohibition to teach slaves to read and write Led by an educated, African American preacher |
Created by:
argetty
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